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Biology > Cellular Respiración > Flashcards

Cellular Respiración Flashcards

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1
Q

Steps in order of cellular respiración (5)

A

Glycolysis, intermediate step, Krebs / Citric Acid cycle, Electron Transport Chain & Chemiosmosis

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2
Q

What is the net yield of Glycolysis

A

2 pyruvates, 2 ATP, 2 NADH

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3
Q

Which step in cellular respiración doesn’t require oxygen?

A

Glycolysis

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4
Q

Describe the various components of the formula: C6H12O6 + O6 —-> 6CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP

A

Glucose + 6 oxygens Makes 6 Carbon dioxide + 6 Waters + ATP

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5
Q

Describe the intermediate Step in Cellular respiración

Where does it take place?

What are the outputs

A

Pyruvates are transported to the Mitochondrial Matrix where they are converted to Acetyl CoA

Out puts: Co2 & 2 NADH

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6
Q

Where does the Krebs / Citric Acid cycle take place?

Does it need oxygen?

Inputs & Outputs

A

Mitochondrial Matrix

Yes

Acetyl CoA

2ATP, 6NADH , 2FADH ²

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7
Q

Electron Transport Chain

Where:

Describe basic process

A

Mitochondrial membrane

Electrons transfered from Coenzymes create a proton gradient

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8
Q

Chemiosmosis

Describe basis

A

Protons travel down the chemical gradient to produce ATP

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9
Q

Fluid area in the mitochondria

A

Matrix

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10
Q

The folds inside of the mitochondria

A

Cristea

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11
Q

Name coenzymes used in cell resp.

A

NAD+ & FAD

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12
Q

4 phases of cell respiración

A

Glycolysis, Prep Reaction, Citric Acid cycle, ETC

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13
Q

Which phase of cell respiration can be Anaerobic

A

Glycolysis

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14
Q

The break down if glucose to 2 pyruvates

A

Glycolysis

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15
Q

Where does glycolysis occur

A

Cytoplasm

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16
Q

What is the step between glycolysis and citric acid cycle

A

Prep reaction

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17
Q

During the phase both molecules of pyruvates are oxidez and enter the matrix if the mitochondria

A

Prep reaction

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18
Q

2 Co2 are relased during this cycle and NADH is formed

A

Prep Reaction

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19
Q

Where does the citric acid cycle occur?

A

Matrix if mitochondria

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20
Q

NADH & FADH² are formed during this phase

A

Citric Acid cycle

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21
Q

How many carbons are released during the Citric Acid Cycle

A

4

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22
Q

ATP produced from Citric Acid cycle

A

2

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23
Q

A series of carriers in the cristae of the mitochondria

A

ETC

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24
Q

Where does the ETC get the electrons

A

NADH FADH²

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25
Q

ETC passes electrons from ____ to _____ emergy states

A

High to low

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26
Q

ETC produces how many ATP

A

32 - 34

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27
Q

ATP in the ETC is formed by which process

A

Chemiosmosis

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28
Q

Glycolysis takes glycose and transforms it to

A

Pyruvate

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29
Q

Glycolysis input

A

2 ATPs

2 NAD+

30
Q

How are ATP produced in Glycolysis, name of the process

A

Substrate-level phosphorlyation

31
Q

Output of Glycolysis

A

4 ATP (Net 2 )

2 NADH

32
Q

Where does Anaerobic Respiration take place?

A

Cytoplasm

33
Q

Oxidation is the ____ of electrons and reduction is the ____ of electrons

A

Loss / Gain

34
Q

NAD+ is called a redox enzyme because it:

A

Can both accept (oxidize) and give (reduce) electrons to an element.

35
Q

What is NADH the result of?

A

NAD+ Accepting 2 electrons and a Hydrogen ion

36
Q

What is the job of FAD?

A

Similar to NAD+ it can oxidize and reduce a metabolite.

37
Q

When FAD accepts 2 electrons and 2 hydrogen ions (H+) it becomes

A

FADH ²

38
Q

Explain fermentation role in NAD+ regeneration

A

During fermentation, the NADH produced in Glycolysis is oxidized to NAD+ as pyruvate is reduced to lactate

39
Q

2 forms of fermentation and their products

A

Animals and Bacteria produce Lactate from Pyruvates.

Plants or Yeast alcohol is produced from Pyruvates

40
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of Fermentation

A

Advantage:

Production of certain foods, alcohol, and industrial chemicals.

Source of rapid burst of energy with lack of oxygen

Disadvantages:

Low ATP yield

41
Q

Why is it called the preparatory cycle?

A

It prepares the pyruvates from glycolysis to enter the Kerbs cycle.

42
Q

In the prepatory reaction C3 pyruvate is converted into what?

What is given off?

A

C2 acetyl group

Co2

43
Q

In the reaction from C3 pyruvate to C2 Acetyl Group _____ are removed from the pyruvate by ____ and _____ is formed

What kind of a reaction is this?

A

Electrons, NAD+ , NADH

Oxidation

44
Q

What is the C2 Acetyl Group combined with to carry it to the _______ _______?

A

C2 is combined with CoA

Mitochondrial Matrix

45
Q

Where do the NADH carry electrons?

A

ETC

46
Q

At the start of the Citric Acid cycle the C2 acetyl group carried by _____ joins with C4 and a C6 _____ molecule results

A

CoA / Citrate

47
Q

What happens in substrate level ATP synthesis

A

An enzyme passes phosphate to ADP forming ATP

48
Q

During cellular respiration how many Co2 are produced

From which cycles and how many

Why is this number of Carbon dioxide produces

A

6

2 during Prep Reaction, 4 during Citric Acid cycle

Reason: Glucose has 6 carbons which are broken down

49
Q

Which Electron Carriers are produced in the Citric Acid Cycle?

From which Coenzymes do they come from?

A

NADH & FADH²

NAD+ & FAD

50
Q

During the prepatory reaction, a 3 carbon molecule called ______ is converted in to ________

A

Pyruvate/ acetyl-CoA

51
Q

Inputs of fermentation

A

Glucose, 2 Phosphate Groups, 2 ADP

52
Q

Is glucose Oxidized OR Reduced during cellular respiration?

A

Oxidized

53
Q

End products in prep reaction

A

Co² & acetyl CoA

54
Q

Which carriers bring electrons ETC?

A

NADH & FADH²

55
Q

The final electron carrier at the end of ETC is :

A

Oxygen

56
Q

Are NADH & FADH² inputs to the Citric Acid Cycle

A

No they are outputs

NAD & FAD are inputs

57
Q

Outputs of the Citric Acid Cycle

A

2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH², 4CO²

58
Q

Inputs to Glycolysis

A

Glucose, ADP, NAD+

59
Q

Products of Glycolysis

A

Pyruvate, NADH, ATP

60
Q

During which phases of cellular respiration is Co2 produced

A

Citric acid cycle & Prep Reaction

61
Q

Does Glycolysis require Oxygen

A

No

62
Q

What is Pyruvate converted to in the Prep Reaction

A

2-carbon acetyl group

63
Q

The 2 carbon acetyl group attaches to _____ to form ______ in the prep cycle

A

Coenzyme A / Acetyl CoA

64
Q

When is the 1st time we produce Carbon Dioxide in Cell Respiration

A

Prep Reaction

65
Q

4 carbon molecule that binds to the 2-Carbon acetyl group

A

Oxaloacetate

66
Q

In Citric acid cycel ATP is formed by ( which kind of synthesis)

A

Substrate level phosphorylation

67
Q

Products from the Kerbs cycle, per glucose molecule

A

4 Co2, 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH²

68
Q

Name of the Process through which the ETC creates ATP

A

Oxidative phosphorlation aka chemiosmosis

69
Q

Every NADH creates ___ ATP

A

3

70
Q

FADH² creates ____ ATP in the ETC

A

2

71
Q

Development requires 3 interconnected processes.

A

Growth, Cellular Differentiation, Morphogenesis

72
Q

Produces the shape and form of the body

A

Morphogenesis

Biology (27 decks)

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