Populations Evolution Flashcards
Study of the diversity of allele differences
Population genetics
Evolutionary changes with in populations
Microevolution
Various alleles of all genes in all individuals make up the ….
Gene pool
Proportion of each allele with in a populations gene pool
Allele frequency
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium States:
Allele frequency in a population will remain constant Assuming… (5)
No mutations
No Gene Flow
Random Mating
No Genetic Drift
No Selection
Gene mutations, Gene Flow (movement of alleles between population), Genetic Drift ( Changes in the allele frequency of a population due to change rather than selection by env.)
Causes of Microevolution
Who said; Each species has a perfect or “ essential “ form and variations is an imperfection on this essential form?
Plato
Who arranged organisms based on increasing order of complexity
Aristotle
Who wrote a 44 volume natural history series that described all plants and animals
Georges-Louis Leclerc aka Count Buffon
Who developed bi nominal nomenclature
Carolus Linnaeus
Scala naturae
Sequential Ladder
Simplest being at the bottom with God in top
Belief, supported by James Hutton, that geological forces act at a continuous, uniform rate
Uniformitarianism
Define Catastrophism and who proposed this idea
Cuvier
Changes in fossils in strata are explained by local mass extinctions followed by new species repopulating the area
Whose idea was “inheritance of acquired characteristics “
Lamarck
Study of geographic distribution of organisms
Biogeography
Over production potential of a species is referred to as
Differential Reproductive success
Movement of alleles between populations
Gene flow
Changes in the allele frequency of a gene pool due to chance events
This type of Evolution is more common in large or small populations
Genetic Drift
Small
Type of genetic Drift, when a majority of genotypes are prevented from participating in producing the next generation, by Natural Disaster or Human Interference
Bottleneck Effect
Cause of genetic Drift due to colonization by a limited number of individuals who, by chance, have a different genotype and allele frequency than the parent population
Founder effect
What is referred to as the change in allele frequency of a population over many generations
Evolution
P² + 2pq + q² is the formula for what?
The Hardy Weinberg Principle
Nonrandom Mating is also called _____ ______
Assortative Mating
Type of natural selection that the intermediate variation is most adaptive, as in human birth weight
Stabilizing selection
Type of natural selection either of the extreme phenotypes is favored, as when antibiotic resistance increases over time
Directional selection
Type of natural selection 2 or more extreme phenotypes are favored, 2 Peaks formed on Graph.
British land snails have 2 different banding colors
Disruptive selection
When a species has 1 recessive allele that gives them an advantage, such as in sickel-cell anema
Hetrozygote advantage
Type of Evolution that includes formation of new species
Macroevolution
Adaptive traits tend to increase in frequency as a result of
Differential reproduction
Origin of new species due to evolutionary process of descent with modification
Speciation
