Transcription And Translation

Question 1

Ribosome

Answer 1

Converts mRNA into a protein

By reading the information and converting nucleotides into a string of amino acids

Question 2

The sequence of dna

Answer 2

Will determine the sequence of amino acids that make up the protein

Question 3

Synthesis of a protein by a ribosome

Answer 3

Large ribosomal subunit: binds tRNA
Small ribosomal subunit: binds mRNA

Reads information, builds protein sending it where it needs to go

Question 4

Difference between dna and rna

Answer 4

Stability:
DNA= very stable
RNA = falls apart quickly (because of the extra oxygen)

Structure:
DNA= double stranded
RNA = usually single stranded

Nucleotides:
DNA= ATGC
RNA= AUGC (uracil instead of thymine)

Base pairing :
DNA= GC/ AT
RNA= GC/ AU

Question 5

Transcription is done by one enzyme

Answer 5

RNA polymerase

Creates rna

Question 6

Information in the form of DNA

Answer 6

DNA takes on a larger structure called chromosome
The chromosome is essentially made up of little chapters, each which is called a gene.
Each chapter tells the story of making a protein.

Question 7

Transcription in prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cells

Answer 7

Prokaryotes: cytoplasm

Eukaryotic: nucleus

Question 8

DNA template

Answer 8

Opposite of non template strand 5’-3’

Gene to be transcribed 3’-5’ by rna polymerase creating rna
subbing U for A

Question 9

transcription bubble

Answer 9

Where base pairs are made

Question 10

MRNA transcript

Answer 10

The message 5’-3’ direction
Always walking alone dna template transcribing from 3’-5’

***always on template strand !! Starting at 3 ‘ of template strand !!

Question 11

Compare and contrast transcription in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells with regards to RNA processing location where mRNA is created
accessibility to mRNA to the ribosomes upon the creation of the transcript

Answer 11

Prokaryotic‘s fast and repeated the translated in the cytoplasm with the ribosomes

Eukaryotic or slower entrance must be removed and spliced and is done in the nucleus allowing the seller to be flexible and create different proteins from the exact same sequence of information.
Ex: Immune system antibodies

Question 12

tRNA

Answer 12

Transfer rna connects Info in mRNA to corresponding amino acid (dehydration synthesis)

Trna Anticodon: 3 letter sequence that will be associated with a particular amino acid

Ex: rna AAA will bring in anticodon UUU base pair creating the amino acid lysine ( reads from rna) adding it to peptide chain

Connects these two languages through the base pairing rules.

Question 13

Start codon

Answer 13

Aug (met)

Question 14

Stop codons

Answer 14

UAA UAG UGA

Question 15

Start end

Answer 15

5’ untranslated region

Question 16

End

Answer 16

3’ untranslated region

Question 17

Untranslated region in mRNA

Answer 17

UTR

At 5’ and 3’ ends codons that are not translated

Question 18

How do you know something is mRNA

Answer 18

The letter U