Chapter 6 Eukaryotic Cell Structure And Transport

Question 1

Describe the difference between eukaryotic and bacterial cells With respect to:

flagellin/Cilia

Cell walls, including the composition and different types of eukaryotes

Organelles

DNA

size

plasma membrane composition

Answer 1

Flagellin/Cilia: flagella in both , cilia in algae and animals

Cell wall composition: bacteria peptidoglycan shell maintains structure. Eukaryotic no cell wall

Organelles: bacteria cytoplasm, nucleoid, ribosomes. Eukaryotic cytoplasm, nucleus ribosomes, smooth and rough ER, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus

DNA: both

Size: big eukaryotic. Small bacteria

Plasma membrane composition: bacteria and eukaryotic Phospholipids and proteins

Question 2

Explain the function of Chloroplast describe the similarities and differences between these organelles and bacteria

Answer 2

Chloroplast most similar to Cyanobacteria Both contain ribosomes DNA contain peptidoglycan cell walls and reproduce independently within the cell binary fission

Chloroplasts: Site of photosynthesis in plant cells

Question 3

Explain the function of mitochondria and describe the similarities between these organelles and bacteria

Answer 3

Mitochondria:Sight of cellular respiration and eukaryotic cells

Reproduces independently with insoles binary fission 70 S ribosomes contains mitochondrial DNA

All very similar to bacteria

Question 4

Describe the theory of Endo symbiosis

Answer 4

Origins of eukaryotes from prokaryotes one cell is in golfed and lives with another cell

after time does become dependent on each other

Example chloroplasts and mitochondria both contain 70 S ribosomes, reproduce like bacteria, circular DNA, similar shape size to bacteria

Question 5

Understand how the plasma membrane functions as a semi permeable barriers around in a cell

Answer 5

Composed of phospholipid by layer

With integral membrane proteins cholesterol glycoprotein and glycolipid attachments peripheral membrane proteins proteins channels

Question 6

Selective permeability of the plasma membrane Based on chemistry

Answer 6

Permeable: small nonpolar no charge examples oxygen carbon dioxide

Semi permeable: small hydrophilic no charge example water

Impermeable: charged Polar Na+ H+ Cl- large molecules Glucose amino acids proteins particles

Question 7

Diffusion definition

Answer 7

Movement of substances from area of high concentration to low concentration until equilibrium is reached

Question 8

Diffusion, and facilitated diffusion, active transport

Answer 8

Diffusion: no proteins needed no ATP required high concentration outside cell low concentration inside cell
Example oxygen O2

Facilitated diffusion:
Protein channel needed but no energy ATP required example polar glucose molecule transported through protein Glucose transporter

Active transport: protonated, ATP must be spent example antibiotic low concentration To high concentration

Question 9

Osmosis

Answer 9

Movement of water molecules across a membrane from high to low concentration

Question 10

Isotonic

Answer 10

Solution outside cell has same salt concentration is inside so no net movement of water

Normal water not entering or exiting

Question 11

Hypotonic

Answer 11

Solution outside still has lower salt than inside water flows into cell

Plump water flowed in

Question 12

Hypertonic

Answer 12

Solution outside still has higher salt than inside cell water flows out of cell

Shriveled water exited cells

Question 13

Explain why hi osmotic pressure can inhibit bacterial growth

Answer 13

Inflow of water due to imbalance in water concentration calls for cells to pop lysis rupturing of cell