Antibiotics Flashcards
Clearly explain the distinction between antibiotics and other types of chemotherapeutic agents that are not antibiotics
Natural vs chemical
What genius of bacteria is the major source of anabiotic’s
Streptomyces
What organism produce the first discovered anabiotic penicillin
Fungus
What is the difference between broad-spectrum anabiotic’s and narrow spectrum antibiotics
Broad spectrum kills many types of bacteria example Neosporin kills gram-positive and
gram-negative Narrow spectrum only kills certain types of antibiotics example vancomycin kills only gram-positive
Describe the major mechanism of antibiotic action and identify the class to which the first anabiotic penicillin belongs to
Enzyme inhibitor‘s through cell wall synthesis beta lactams.
The beta lactam ring is the core feature of this antibiotic.
Inhibits the last step of cell wall synthesis cross-linking and is more effective versus gram-positive bacteria
Inhibition of ribosomes
Translation
Inhibition of DNA replication
Transcription
Inhibition of transcription
Rna polymerase inhibitors (kills cell)
For each of the mechanisms of anabiotic action what are these inhibit bacterial growth
Because they inhibit parts of the bacterial saw that are not found in the eukaryotic cell
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For each of the anabiotic action why do these anabiotic‘s Target prokaryotic cells but not eukaryotic cells
Because they’re just target the ribosomes or the metabolic pathways of the cell wall inhibitor
What are the major mechanisms of antibiotic resistance
Enzyme production (penicillinase)
How does antibiotic resistance arise in a population of bacteria
Bacterial phage, lysogenic, conjugation, mutation and replication
How does antibiotic resistance get transferred between different populations of bacteria
Conjugation mutation transformation and transduction through the lysogenic bacteriophage Cycle 
If you were to recommend to someone to take an anabiotic to control an infection how would you reduce the chance the anabiotic resistant arise during the treatment of their infection
Clavulanic acid: inhibits penicillinase and is combined with penicillin‘s i. augmentation
Describe the potential problem let me arise as a result of anabiotic treatment including allergies opportunistic infections and toxicity
Allergies 10% of the population, immune system triggered
Opportunistic infections bacterial flora leads to infection yeast CDF disruption of normal bacteria flora broad spectrum
Toxicity side effects metabolism enzymes rare
