Chapter 4 Bacterial Cell Structure

Question 1

Know the major differences between bacterial cells and eukaryotic cell structures

Answer 1

Eukaryotic: organelles, some cell walls that are not complex, mitosis for cellular division, large in size

Prokaryotic: no organelles, a complex cell wall, binary fission for cellular division, small in size.

Similarities: both contain DNA in the nucleus/nucleiod, Both have a cell membrane and contain ribosomes that create protein.

Question 2

Be capable of identifying bacterial cell morphologies given an image and or scientific name of a bacterium, recognizing that some bacteria are pleomorphic instead of monomorphic

Answer 2

Pleomorphic: more than one shape

monomorphic: one shape

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Question 3

Explain the function and composition of the glycocalyx

Answer 3

Glyco:sugar
Calyx: coat

Function: avoid a host defense is protective

Question 4

Know when the glycocalyx is called a capsule

Answer 4

If glycocalyx is adhered to the cell wall tightly it is considered a capsule

Question 5

What type of standing as used to visualize the capsule

Answer 5

A negative stain (acidic)

Question 6

Understand the function, composition, and terminologies associated with flagella

Answer 6

Flagellin = protein (in)

Whip like appendages used for movement

Question 7

Flagella motility

Answer 7

Chemotaxis: Towards or away from chemical

Phototaxis: Movement towards or away from light

Question 8

Location and number of flagella

Answer 8

Atrichous : none
Peritrichous: all over (sun)
Monotrichous: one 
Lophotrichous: many on one side
Amphitrichous: some one each end

Question 9

Explain the function and composition of fimbriae

Answer 9

Hair like appendages for surface attachment protein-based adhesins

Question 10

The pilus (sometimes called the fimbria) Has a specialized functions, what is it?

Answer 10

Pilin (protein) Tube used to pass DNA to donors cell hollow to be used for bacterial conjugation

Question 11

Gram-positive cell wall composition and arrangement

Answer 11

Lots of layers of peptidoglycan

Question 12

Graham negative cell wall composition and arrangement

Answer 12

Lipo polysaccharide LPS main component: E. coli example lives inside the body where there’s not a lot of changes

Question 13

Acid-fast cell wall composition and arrangement

Answer 13

Contains mycolic acid TB waxy lipid hydrophobic, the acid has no effect on the cell

Question 14

Know how these types of cell walls react to common micro biological staining techniques

Answer 14

Carbolfuchsin >acid alcohol, methylene blue wax prevents acid alcohol decolorizer from entering cell.

Question 15

At the edge of the bacterial cell is the plasma membrane: describe the composition what molecule makes up the cost structure of the membrane?

Answer 15

Phospholipid by layer with a hydrophobic core

Found within the membrane proteins a specialized functions to help transport Glucose amino acids and chloride

Question 16

What is the function of the membrane bacterial cell

Answer 16

Selective permeability nonpolar molecules may cross

Question 17

Describe the composition of the cytoplasm and less the majors cellular structures that may be found within including the structure and function of
the nucleoid
Plasmids
Ribosomes

Answer 17

The cytoplasm consist of mostly water, the nucleoid, plasmid, ribosomes, proteins, cytoskeleton, carbs, ions

The nucleoid: Contains 4 million nucleotides which are the monomers to build DNA (genetic info)

Plasmids: 4,000 Nucleotides that are more specific (genetic info)

Ribosomes: DNA>RNA>protein makes proteins

Question 18

Explain endospore function information conditions

Answer 18

Dorm it sells waiting to awake, formed inside plasma membrane when nutrients are depleted

Question 19

What staining technique do you use to visualize endospores

Answer 19

Endospore stain

Question 20

What bacteria genre produce endospores

Answer 20

Clostridium (C-diff)
Bacillus

Resistant to lots of things