Chapter 4 Bacterial Cell Structure Flashcards
Know the major differences between bacterial cells and eukaryotic cell structures
Eukaryotic: organelles, some cell walls that are not complex, mitosis for cellular division, large in size
Prokaryotic: no organelles, a complex cell wall, binary fission for cellular division, small in size.
Similarities: both contain DNA in the nucleus/nucleiod, Both have a cell membrane and contain ribosomes that create protein.
Be capable of identifying bacterial cell morphologies given an image and or scientific name of a bacterium, recognizing that some bacteria are pleomorphic instead of monomorphic
Pleomorphic: more than one shape
monomorphic: one shape
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Explain the function and composition of the glycocalyx
Glyco:sugar
Calyx: coat
Function: avoid a host defense is protective
Know when the glycocalyx is called a capsule
If glycocalyx is adhered to the cell wall tightly it is considered a capsule
What type of standing as used to visualize the capsule
A negative stain (acidic)
Understand the function, composition, and terminologies associated with flagella
Flagellin = protein (in)
Whip like appendages used for movement
Flagella motility
Chemotaxis: Towards or away from chemical
Phototaxis: Movement towards or away from light
Location and number of flagella
Atrichous : none Peritrichous: all over (sun) Monotrichous: one Lophotrichous: many on one side Amphitrichous: some one each end
Explain the function and composition of fimbriae
Hair like appendages for surface attachment protein-based adhesins
The pilus (sometimes called the fimbria) Has a specialized functions, what is it?
Pilin (protein) Tube used to pass DNA to donors cell hollow to be used for bacterial conjugation
Gram-positive cell wall composition and arrangement
Lots of layers of peptidoglycan
Graham negative cell wall composition and arrangement
Lipo polysaccharide LPS main component: E. coli example lives inside the body where there’s not a lot of changes
Acid-fast cell wall composition and arrangement
Contains mycolic acid TB waxy lipid hydrophobic, the acid has no effect on the cell
Know how these types of cell walls react to common micro biological staining techniques
Carbolfuchsin >acid alcohol, methylene blue wax prevents acid alcohol decolorizer from entering cell.
At the edge of the bacterial cell is the plasma membrane: describe the composition what molecule makes up the cost structure of the membrane?
Phospholipid by layer with a hydrophobic core
Found within the membrane proteins a specialized functions to help transport Glucose amino acids and chloride
What is the function of the membrane bacterial cell
Selective permeability nonpolar molecules may cross
Describe the composition of the cytoplasm and less the majors cellular structures that may be found within including the structure and function of
the nucleoid
Plasmids
Ribosomes
The cytoplasm consist of mostly water, the nucleoid, plasmid, ribosomes, proteins, cytoskeleton, carbs, ions
The nucleoid: Contains 4 million nucleotides which are the monomers to build DNA (genetic info)
Plasmids: 4,000 Nucleotides that are more specific (genetic info)
Ribosomes: DNA>RNA>protein makes proteins
Explain endospore function information conditions
Dorm it sells waiting to awake, formed inside plasma membrane when nutrients are depleted
What staining technique do you use to visualize endospores
Endospore stain
What bacteria genre produce endospores
Clostridium (C-diff)
Bacillus
Resistant to lots of things