Microbial Diseases Of The Respiratory System

Question 1

What are for coming bacterial and viral diseases of the upper respiratory system and what causes these diseases what are their symptoms

Answer 1

Strep throat, scarlet fever, diphtheria, the cold

Question 2

Describe the function of the upper respiratory tract and how the immune system participates in the removal of micro organisms

Answer 2

The nose: hair Travis does mucous membrane full of IGA
pharynx: the throat this membrane as well
Tonsils: at the junction of the nose/throat Bloomfield tissues T cells B cells that survey everything before they enter

Question 3

Discuss the parts of the lower respiratory system including function

Answer 3

Ciliary escalator: moves traps particles from lungs and bronchi of throat IGA found in the mucus
Trachea: leads from the throat down to the lungs
pharynx: area above larynx
Bronchi: tubes branching going from the trachea to the lungs.
Alveoli: increases surface area for gas exchange has macrophages in them

Question 4

Strep throat

Answer 4

Upper respiratory bacterial disease caused by streptococcal pharyngitis caused by Streptococcus Pyogenes l same guy that causes impetigo, erysipelas and other infections of the skin extremely sore throat, fever, inflamed white tonsils. Treated with penicillin

Question 5

Scarlett fever

Answer 5

Streptococcus pyogenes, has been infected by lysogenic phage produces reddening tocsin that circulates causing the skin to redin rare disease today

Question 6

diphtheria: corynebacterium diphtheriae

Answer 6

Up to 1935 was the deadliest infectious disease and children DTaP vaccine classic symptoms grayish membrane of tongue and throat difficulty breathing croup cough. Gram-positive exotoxin. Swollen neck

Question 7

What causes it to sneeze

Answer 7

Histamine

Question 8

What is the value of a runny nose

Answer 8

IGA

Question 9

Why is your snot green

Answer 9

Bacterial infection is green

Viral infection is clear

Question 10

Pertussis

Answer 10

Whooping cough terrible violent cough due to mucus can cause brain damage in infants, caused by Bordetella pertussis, vaccine doesn’t work in infants, antibiotic therapy, paralysis the celery escalator in the trachea

Question 11

Tuberculosis

Answer 11

Caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, coughing blood lung infection, vaccine, long-term antibiotics up to a year. Bacterium is in golfed by macrophages but not phagocytosis in the areola.

Latent tuberculosis Shows no symptoms but positive for the infection not transmittable

Question 12

When performing TB test on the skin what will result in a positive TB test negative TB test unless pronounce but still positive test

Answer 12

Positive test if you have been exposed been vaccinated or if you have TB.
Negative test no exposure.
Les Pronounce but still positive Auto immune/HIV

Question 13

What are the signs and symptoms of pneumonia what part of the lung is affected leading to the symptoms

Answer 13

High fever, chest pain, trouble breathing. Lower lungs

Question 14

What bacteria causes pneumonia

Answer 14

S. Pneumoniae (50%)
Haemophilus influenzae (20%)
Clamydophila pneumonia (13%)
Mycoplasma pneumoniae 3% (common in children) walking pneumonia
Legionella pneumophila (old water reservoir)

Question 15

For the influenza virus describe how antigenic drift occurs and how antigenic shift occurs and which one is more likely to produce a pandemic

Answer 15

Antigenic drift or sloppy minor changes that allowed a jump from animal to human.

Antigenic shift or major shift that allow virus to invade the immune system no one has an immunity and this can cause a pandemic pandemic

Question 16

What fungal pneumonia is most common in California sometimes called valley fever or San Joaquin fever

Answer 16

Coccidioidomycosis

Coccidiodes immitis

Question 17

Describe the upper and lower digestive system

Answer 17

Upper : mouse, pharynx, esophagus a lower: stomach, small intestine, large intestine

Question 18

In what location of the digestive track of the most bacterial living in or on them

Answer 18

The mouth has a large number of bacteria, the stomach has very low bacteria, small intestines few bacteria, large intestines large number of bacteria

Question 19

Explain how the immune system items to prevent infections in the mouth of the stomach and small intestine

Answer 19

The mouth excretes lysozymes in the saliva, the stomach uses a very low pH to kill invaders, this small intestine phagocytic Cells and lysozymes And iga Secreted in mucus

Question 20

Which bacterium causes the majority tooth decay and what is the mechanism by which tooth decay generally occurs

Answer 20

Streptococcus mutans normal bacteria eats sugar ferments lactic acid and then the lactic acid eats the enamel

Question 21

Explain the differences between diarrhea and dysentery in regards to the area affected, severity of symptoms, bowel movements, fever, treatment

Answer 21

Diarrhea in the small intestine can cause mortality in infants, watery stool, no fever. Dysentery large intestine, more severe, mucus and blood in the stool, fever

Question 22

What are the differences between intoxication an infection

Answer 22

Infection causes a fever and infections take longer to start. Intoxication rapid onset caused by exotoxin

Question 23

What organism is the most common cause of intoxication or food poisoning? What makes this organism likely to grow in food and why can intoxication happen even if the food has been reheated?

Answer 23

Staphylococcus Aures exotoxin that is salt and heat tolerant

Question 24

Describe the general symptoms of bacillary dysentery caused by shigella. What type of media would do used to identify, what is the treatment, Graham positive or negative, transmission mechanism

Answer 24

XLD media clear, grows in small intestines add to 20 bowel movements daily treatable with fluid replacement caused by salad/raw vegetables or contaminated food and water. Gram negative 

Question 25

Which organism can often be found in eggs poultry turtles iguanas and what disease does it cause

Answer 25

Salmonellosis salmonella gastroenteritis

Question 26

Which form of Salmonella is found in carriers who to spread the disease that have little to no symptoms?

Answer 26

Salmonella typhi, typhoid fever

Question 27

Where in the world is salmonella most common

Answer 27

India and Southeast Asia

Question 28

What is the transmission mechanism of salmonella

Answer 28

Found in people acquired by poor sanitation

Question 29

What organism causes cholera? What shape is it? What environment does it live in? What a classic symptoms? How is it transmitted? What is the treatment

Answer 29

Vibrio cholerae Vibrio shape, lives in salty water, acquired from contaminated water, rice watery stool, antibiotics with fluid and electrolyte replacement

Question 30

travelers diarrhea is most commonly caused by which organisms

Answer 30

Pathogenic e. Coli 

Question 31

Describe the disease caused by helicobacter pylori

Answer 31

Ulcers in the stomach inflammation of the stomach lining

Question 32

What is the causative agent of mumps and what portion of the digestive system is affected by this disease

Answer 32

Viral disease or infection salivary glands

Question 33

How is mumps transmitted and prevented and what are some of the effects of mumps and children and adults?

Answer 33

Transmitted through saliva and respiratory, prevented by the MMR vaccine, swollen glands and throat as well as reproductive system

Question 34

Explain the progression affects mode of transmission and vaccine availability potential treatments for a hep a , hep b and Hep c

Answer 34

Hep a: Foodborne fecal oral transmission, affects liver causes jaundice vaccine available

Hep b: Blood, noodles, sexual transmission causes jaundice, inflammation of the liver vaccine available

Hep C: symptoms can take 20 years to develop causes liver failure treatment antiviral harvoni 

Question 35

Describe giardiasis What organism causes this disease? How and where does this organism colonize? How do people acquire and diagnose the disease

Answer 35

Protozoan Giardia lamblia, attaches to the intestinal wall, caused by drinking contaminated water from the stream or lake, diagnosis by the string test