Microbial Diseases Of The Respiratory System Flashcards
What are for coming bacterial and viral diseases of the upper respiratory system and what causes these diseases what are their symptoms
Strep throat, scarlet fever, diphtheria, the cold
Describe the function of the upper respiratory tract and how the immune system participates in the removal of micro organisms
The nose: hair Travis does mucous membrane full of IGA
pharynx: the throat this membrane as well
Tonsils: at the junction of the nose/throat Bloomfield tissues T cells B cells that survey everything before they enter
Discuss the parts of the lower respiratory system including function
Ciliary escalator: moves traps particles from lungs and bronchi of throat IGA found in the mucus
Trachea: leads from the throat down to the lungs
pharynx: area above larynx
Bronchi: tubes branching going from the trachea to the lungs.
Alveoli: increases surface area for gas exchange has macrophages in them
Strep throat
Upper respiratory bacterial disease caused by streptococcal pharyngitis caused by Streptococcus Pyogenes l same guy that causes impetigo, erysipelas and other infections of the skin extremely sore throat, fever, inflamed white tonsils. Treated with penicillin
Scarlett fever
Streptococcus pyogenes, has been infected by lysogenic phage produces reddening tocsin that circulates causing the skin to redin rare disease today
diphtheria: corynebacterium diphtheriae
Up to 1935 was the deadliest infectious disease and children DTaP vaccine classic symptoms grayish membrane of tongue and throat difficulty breathing croup cough. Gram-positive exotoxin. Swollen neck
What causes it to sneeze
Histamine
What is the value of a runny nose
IGA
Why is your snot green
Bacterial infection is green
Viral infection is clear
Pertussis
Whooping cough terrible violent cough due to mucus can cause brain damage in infants, caused by Bordetella pertussis, vaccine doesn’t work in infants, antibiotic therapy, paralysis the celery escalator in the trachea
Tuberculosis
Caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, coughing blood lung infection, vaccine, long-term antibiotics up to a year. Bacterium is in golfed by macrophages but not phagocytosis in the areola.
Latent tuberculosis Shows no symptoms but positive for the infection not transmittable
When performing TB test on the skin what will result in a positive TB test negative TB test unless pronounce but still positive test
Positive test if you have been exposed been vaccinated or if you have TB.
Negative test no exposure.
Les Pronounce but still positive Auto immune/HIV
What are the signs and symptoms of pneumonia what part of the lung is affected leading to the symptoms
High fever, chest pain, trouble breathing. Lower lungs
What bacteria causes pneumonia
S. Pneumoniae (50%)
Haemophilus influenzae (20%)
Clamydophila pneumonia (13%)
Mycoplasma pneumoniae 3% (common in children) walking pneumonia
Legionella pneumophila (old water reservoir)
For the influenza virus describe how antigenic drift occurs and how antigenic shift occurs and which one is more likely to produce a pandemic
Antigenic drift or sloppy minor changes that allowed a jump from animal to human.
Antigenic shift or major shift that allow virus to invade the immune system no one has an immunity and this can cause a pandemic pandemic
What fungal pneumonia is most common in California sometimes called valley fever or San Joaquin fever
Coccidioidomycosis
Coccidiodes immitis
Describe the upper and lower digestive system
Upper : mouse, pharynx, esophagus a lower: stomach, small intestine, large intestine
In what location of the digestive track of the most bacterial living in or on them
The mouth has a large number of bacteria, the stomach has very low bacteria, small intestines few bacteria, large intestines large number of bacteria
Explain how the immune system items to prevent infections in the mouth of the stomach and small intestine
The mouth excretes lysozymes in the saliva, the stomach uses a very low pH to kill invaders, this small intestine phagocytic Cells and lysozymes And iga Secreted in mucus
Which bacterium causes the majority tooth decay and what is the mechanism by which tooth decay generally occurs
Streptococcus mutans normal bacteria eats sugar ferments lactic acid and then the lactic acid eats the enamel
Explain the differences between diarrhea and dysentery in regards to the area affected, severity of symptoms, bowel movements, fever, treatment
Diarrhea in the small intestine can cause mortality in infants, watery stool, no fever. Dysentery large intestine, more severe, mucus and blood in the stool, fever
What are the differences between intoxication an infection
Infection causes a fever and infections take longer to start. Intoxication rapid onset caused by exotoxin
What organism is the most common cause of intoxication or food poisoning? What makes this organism likely to grow in food and why can intoxication happen even if the food has been reheated?
Staphylococcus Aures exotoxin that is salt and heat tolerant
Describe the general symptoms of bacillary dysentery caused by shigella. What type of media would do used to identify, what is the treatment, Graham positive or negative, transmission mechanism
XLD media clear, grows in small intestines add to 20 bowel movements daily treatable with fluid replacement caused by salad/raw vegetables or contaminated food and water. Gram negative 
Which organism can often be found in eggs poultry turtles iguanas and what disease does it cause
Salmonellosis salmonella gastroenteritis
Which form of Salmonella is found in carriers who to spread the disease that have little to no symptoms?
Salmonella typhi, typhoid fever
Where in the world is salmonella most common
India and Southeast Asia
What is the transmission mechanism of salmonella
Found in people acquired by poor sanitation
What organism causes cholera? What shape is it? What environment does it live in? What a classic symptoms? How is it transmitted? What is the treatment
Vibrio cholerae Vibrio shape, lives in salty water, acquired from contaminated water, rice watery stool, antibiotics with fluid and electrolyte replacement
travelers diarrhea is most commonly caused by which organisms
Pathogenic e. Coli 
Describe the disease caused by helicobacter pylori
Ulcers in the stomach inflammation of the stomach lining
What is the causative agent of mumps and what portion of the digestive system is affected by this disease
Viral disease or infection salivary glands
How is mumps transmitted and prevented and what are some of the effects of mumps and children and adults?
Transmitted through saliva and respiratory, prevented by the MMR vaccine, swollen glands and throat as well as reproductive system
Explain the progression affects mode of transmission and vaccine availability potential treatments for a hep a , hep b and Hep c
Hep a: Foodborne fecal oral transmission, affects liver causes jaundice vaccine available
Hep b: Blood, noodles, sexual transmission causes jaundice, inflammation of the liver vaccine available
Hep C: symptoms can take 20 years to develop causes liver failure treatment antiviral harvoni 
Describe giardiasis What organism causes this disease? How and where does this organism colonize? How do people acquire and diagnose the disease
Protozoan Giardia lamblia, attaches to the intestinal wall, caused by drinking contaminated water from the stream or lake, diagnosis by the string test
