Microbial Diseases Of The Nervous System Flashcards
Describe the structure of the central nervous system
Brain and spinal cord
Describe the structure and function of the three meninges
They are function is to cover and protect the brain first Layer dura matter, arachnoid matter and pia matter
Where is cerebral spinal fluid found
Subarachnoid space
How does the blood brain barrier work and what is its functions including the tight junctions
It separates the CNS from the circulatory and immune system and prevents the passage of hydrophilic and bacteria and viruses
The degree to which the immune system can affect infections in the CNS
Not very well **
Describe the peripheral nervous system and how it interacts with the CNS
Input output system
Describe which pathogens infect the CNS
Listeriosis, tetanus **
Does the pathogens that infect the PNS
Leprosy (mycobacterium) **
What are some common symptoms of meningitis and encephalitis
Stiff neck and high fever
Which organism most commonly causes meningitis in the USA
Streptococcus pneumonia
Which organism causes meningococcal meningitis
Neisseria meningitidis
Why are outbreaks of meningitis common in the meningitis belts there’s more than one reason for this
Dry air weekends the mucous membrane, certain affections progress and lack of resources
 how am I you diagnose meningococcal meningitis
A rash that doesn’t fade when press and I Gram stain it **
Which group age are most likely to suffer mortality as a result of bacterial meningitis
80 % elderly, 30% children
What foodborne organism causes meningitis? What unusual growth characteristic does this organism have that makes a potentially more dangerous than for example Escherichia coli?
Listeria monocytogens, it can grow in refrigerator temperature
Describe how clostridium tetani causes the disease tetanus including how the organism enters where it lives the definition of an endotoxin signs and symptoms what part of the immune system is infected and what vaccine covers Immunity I’m white must be administered every 10 years
Enters through a puncture run, found in soil, endotoxins block relaxation of contracted muscles and is the most powerful toxin known to science, signs and symptoms are powerful muscle spasms, the CNS is affected, DTaP vaccine is administered every 10 years because it targets the toxin and not the bacteria
Explain Botulism including the organism that causes the disease and some of its characteristics, the definition of an exotoxin, the effect of the exotoxin on the nervous system, and, modes of transmission
Clostridium botulinum Is an anaerobic spore forming gram-positive rod found in soil, the exotoxin blocks nerve transmission the PNS, the effects of the exotoxin is paralysis, common mode of transmission is food poisoning and soil
For the disease leprosy describe which organisms causes the disease, the two forms the disease can take, how the disease is transmitted, and some of the symptoms from both diseases
Mycobacterium [which is an acid fast my colic acid, tuberculoid leprosy which is neutral, and Lepromatous which is progressive, transmitted through armadillos, skin lesions lack of sensation and disfiguring.
Which viral disease kills off motor neurons question why is this disease a prime candidate for eradication of the human population, what is the diseases mode of transmission? And what are signs and symptoms of the disease
Polio, prime candidate for eradication because it is only a human disease, transmission is fecal oral, symptoms are flu like 1% paralysis paralysis of muscle atrophy to the legs
Rabies is a disease that has an unusual progression; how was rabies transmitted? What is the rate of progression of the disease? If it reaches encephalitis stage what is the prognosis? What pathway does the virus take? What sort of behavioral changes result from rabies? How common is it in the US?
Maybe just transmitted through a bite of a rabid animal, slow progression and long incubation process, if it reaches encephalitis stage usually always fatal, it moves through the body from the PNS to the CNS, agitation and angry wanting to bite salvation paralysis and then Death. One per year in US
What are some common viruses that cause mosquito borne encephalitis to the US
West Nile virus and eastern equine
