Microbial Diseases Of The Nervous System

Question 1

Describe the structure of the central nervous system

Answer 1

Brain and spinal cord

Question 2

Describe the structure and function of the three meninges

Answer 2

They are function is to cover and protect the brain first Layer dura matter, arachnoid matter and pia matter

Question 3

Where is cerebral spinal fluid found

Answer 3

Subarachnoid space

Question 4

How does the blood brain barrier work and what is its functions including the tight junctions

Answer 4

It separates the CNS from the circulatory and immune system and prevents the passage of hydrophilic and bacteria and viruses

Question 5

The degree to which the immune system can affect infections in the CNS

Answer 5

Not very well **

Question 6

Describe the peripheral nervous system and how it interacts with the CNS

Answer 6

Input output system

Question 7

Describe which pathogens infect the CNS

Answer 7

Listeriosis, tetanus **

Question 8

Does the pathogens that infect the PNS

Answer 8

Leprosy (mycobacterium) **

Question 9

What are some common symptoms of meningitis and encephalitis

Answer 9

Stiff neck and high fever

Question 10

Which organism most commonly causes meningitis in the USA

Answer 10

Streptococcus pneumonia

Question 11

Which organism causes meningococcal meningitis

Answer 11

Neisseria meningitidis

Question 12

Why are outbreaks of meningitis common in the meningitis belts there’s more than one reason for this

Answer 12

Dry air weekends the mucous membrane, certain affections progress and lack of resources

Question 13

 how am I you diagnose meningococcal meningitis

Answer 13

A rash that doesn’t fade when press and I Gram stain it **

Question 14

Which group age are most likely to suffer mortality as a result of bacterial meningitis

Answer 14

80 % elderly, 30% children

Question 15

What foodborne organism causes meningitis? What unusual growth characteristic does this organism have that makes a potentially more dangerous than for example Escherichia coli?

Answer 15

Listeria monocytogens, it can grow in refrigerator temperature

Question 16

Describe how clostridium tetani causes the disease tetanus including how the organism enters where it lives the definition of an endotoxin signs and symptoms what part of the immune system is infected and what vaccine covers Immunity I’m white must be administered every 10 years

Answer 16

Enters through a puncture run, found in soil, endotoxins block relaxation of contracted muscles and is the most powerful toxin known to science, signs and symptoms are powerful muscle spasms, the CNS is affected, DTaP vaccine is administered every 10 years because it targets the toxin and not the bacteria

Question 17

Explain Botulism including the organism that causes the disease and some of its characteristics, the definition of an exotoxin, the effect of the exotoxin on the nervous system, and, modes of transmission

Answer 17

Clostridium botulinum Is an anaerobic spore forming gram-positive rod found in soil, the exotoxin blocks nerve transmission the PNS, the effects of the exotoxin is paralysis, common mode of transmission is food poisoning and soil

Question 18

For the disease leprosy describe which organisms causes the disease, the two forms the disease can take, how the disease is transmitted, and some of the symptoms from both diseases

Answer 18

Mycobacterium [which is an acid fast my colic acid, tuberculoid leprosy which is neutral, and Lepromatous which is progressive, transmitted through armadillos, skin lesions lack of sensation and disfiguring.

Question 19

Which viral disease kills off motor neurons question why is this disease a prime candidate for eradication of the human population, what is the diseases mode of transmission? And what are signs and symptoms of the disease

Answer 19

Polio, prime candidate for eradication because it is only a human disease, transmission is fecal oral, symptoms are flu like 1% paralysis paralysis of muscle atrophy to the legs

Question 20

Rabies is a disease that has an unusual progression; how was rabies transmitted? What is the rate of progression of the disease? If it reaches encephalitis stage what is the prognosis? What pathway does the virus take? What sort of behavioral changes result from rabies? How common is it in the US?

Answer 20

Maybe just transmitted through a bite of a rabid animal, slow progression and long incubation process, if it reaches encephalitis stage usually always fatal, it moves through the body from the PNS to the CNS, agitation and angry wanting to bite salvation paralysis and then Death. One per year in US

Question 21

What are some common viruses that cause mosquito borne encephalitis to the US

Answer 21

West Nile virus and eastern equine