TPO24 Flashcards
inflow
a large amount of money, people, or water, that moves or is transferred into a place.
some enclosed seas are subject to large inflows of fresh water
overland
travelling or done by land.
an overland trade route
by land.
she journeyed overland
via
traveling through (a place) en route to a destination. they came to Europe via Turkey
gauge
an instrument or device for measuring the magnitude, amount, or contents of something, typically with a visual display of such information.
a fuel gauge
former
having previously filled a particular role or been a particular thing.
her former boyfriend
denoting the first or first mentioned of two people or things.
the powers of the former are more comprehensive than those of the latter
pond
a small body of still water formed naturally or by hollowing or embanking.
a garden pond
hilly
having many hills.
a remote hilly district
whatever
هر چه
raise
cause to occur or to be considered.
the alarm was raised when he failed to return home
fate
سرنوشت
backwater
a part of a river not reached by the current, where the water is stagnant.
the eels inhabit backwaters
evapotranspiration
the process by which water is transferred from the land to the atmosphere by evaporation from the soil and other surfaces and by transpiration from plants.
renewal
بازسازی
respiratory
relating to or affecting respiration or the organs of respiration.
respiratory disease
contraction
اختصار، انقباض
base
باز
voluntary
1
done, given, or acting of one’s own free will.
we are funded by voluntary contributions
sigh
آه کشیدن
overriding
more important than any other considerations.
their overriding need will be for advice
override
interrupt the action of (an automatic device), typically in order to take manual control.
you can override the cutout by releasing the switch
use one’s authority to reject or cancel (a decision, view, etc.).
the legislature’s insistence on overriding his budget vetoes
cessation
the fact or process of ending or being brought to an end.
the cessation of hostilities
wax and wane
undergo alternate increases and decreases.
“green sentiment has waxed and waned”
wax
intransitive verb
1a: to increase in size, numbers, strength, prosperity, or intensity
b: to grow in volume or duration
c: to grow toward full development
wane
1: to decrease in size, extent, or degree : DWINDLE: such as
a: to diminish in phase or intensity —used chiefly of the moon, other satellites, and inferior planets
b: to become less brilliant or powerful : DIM
c: to flow out : EBB
persist
continue to exist; be prolonged
continue firmly or obstinately in an opinion or a course of action in spite of difficulty, opposition, or failure.
the minority of drivers who persist in drinking
inhale
breathe in (air, gas, smoke, etc.). they were taken to the hospital after inhaling fumes
congest
crowd (a road or place) so as to hinder or prevent freedom of movement.
uncontrolled development will congest our streets
cause (a part of the body) to fill abnormally with blood or other fluid.
high-pressured adrenaline congested my veins
irritant
a substance that causes slight inflammation or other discomfort to the body.
a powerful skin irritant
a thing that is continually annoying or distracting.
causing slight inflammation or other discomfort to the body.
chlorine bleaches can be irritant to the skin
arouse
evoke or awaken (a feeling, emotion, or response).
something about the man aroused the guard’s suspicions
awaken (someone) from sleep.
she had been aroused by the telephone
communal
shared by all members of a community; for common use.
a communal bathroom and kitchen
(of conflict) between different communities, especially those having different religions or ethnic origins.
violent communal riots
dwelling
a house, apartment, or other place of residence.
the proposed dwelling is out of keeping with those nearby
Canyon
a deep gorge, typically one with a river flowing through it.
the Grand Canyon
cliff
صخره
traumatic
emotionally disturbing or distressing.
she was going through a traumatic divorce
accustomed
customary; usual.
his accustomed route
besides
in addition to; apart from.
I have no other family besides my parents
awkward
causing difficulty; hard to do or deal with.
some awkward questions
haul
(of a person) pull or drag with effort or force.
he hauled his bike out of the shed
chore
a routine task, especially a household one.
the early risers were up and about, doing their chores
hygienic
conducive to maintaining health and preventing disease, especially by being clean; sanitary.
hygienic conditions
quarter
rooms or lodgings, especially those allocated to people in military or domestic service.
the servants’ quarters
pack
fill (a jury, committee, etc.) with people likely to support a particular verdict or decision.
his efforts to pack the Supreme Court with men who shared his ideology
cram a large number of things into (a container or space).
it was a large room, packed with beds jammed side by side
culminate
reach a climax or point of highest development.
the tensions and disorders which culminated in World War II
arable
(of land) used or suitable for growing crops.
acres of arable land
arable land or crops.
vast areas of arable and pasture
terrace
1
a level paved area or platform next to a building; a patio or veranda.
breakfast is served on the terrace
2
each of a series of flat areas made on a slope, used for cultivation.
Verb
1
make or form (sloping land) into a number of level flat areas resembling a series of steps.
the slope had to be terraced
prompt
1
(of an event or fact) cause or bring about (an action or feeling).
his death has prompted an industry-wide investigation of safety violations
onset
the beginning of something, especially something unpleasant.
the onset of winter
Hemisphere
نیم کره
infringe
actively break the terms of (a law, agreement, etc.).
making an unauthorized copy would infringe copyright
نقض کردن
contend
struggle to surmount (a difficulty or danger).
she had to contend with his uncertain temper
assert something as a position in an argument.
he contends that the judge was wrong
ally
a state formally cooperating with another for a military or other purpose.
debate continued among NATO allies
sensible
معقول
(of an object) practical and functional rather than decorative.
Mom always made me have sensible shoes
(of a statement or course of action) chosen in accordance with wisdom or prudence; likely to be of benefit.
I cannot believe that it is sensible to spend so much
