TPO20 Flashcards
spectacularly
in an impressive, dramatic, or eye-catching way.
the immense skyscraper is spectacularly lit up
settler
a person who moves with a group of others to live in a new country or area.
the early European settlers in America were often fleeing from religious persecution
ancestor
جد
rooted
establish deeply and firmly.
vegetarianism is rooted in Indian culture
crisis
بحران
uproot
move (someone) from their home or a familiar location.
my father traveled constantly and uprooted his family several times
drive
propel or carry along by force in a specified direction.
the wind will drive you onshore
thereafter
بعد از آن
stratified
formed or arranged into strata or layers.
stratified limestone
inveterate
having a particular habit, activity, or interest that is long-established and unlikely to change.
he was an inveterate gambler
ambitious
having or showing a strong desire and determination to succeed.
his mother was hard-working and ambitious for her four children
daring
(of a person or action) adventurous or audaciously bold.
a daring crime
fringe
the border or outer edges of an area or group.
the southern fringes of the city
alluvium
a deposit of clay, silt, sand, and gravel left by flowing streams in a river valley or delta, typically producing fertile soil.
fecund
producing or capable of producing an abundance of offspring or new growth; fertile.
a lush and fecund garden
loam
a fertile soil of clay and sand containing humus.
prairie
چمن زار
tempt
entice or attempt to entice (someone) to do or acquire something that they find attractive but know to be wrong or not beneficial.
there’ll always be someone tempted by the rich pickings of poaching
sterile
not able to produce children or young.
the disease had made him sterile
plague
cause continual trouble or distress to.
he has been plagued by ill health
depletion
reduction in the number or quantity of something.
the depletion of the ozone layer
proliferation
rapid increase in numbers.
a continuing threat of nuclear proliferation
loan
وام
trail
a mark or a series of signs or objects left behind by the passage of someone or something.
a trail of blood on the grass
a beaten path through rough country such as a forest or moor.
country parks with nature trails
fashion
a manner of doing something.
the work is done in a rather casual fashion
turnpike
a spiked barrier fixed in or across a road or passage as a defense against sudden attack.
presage
(of an event) be a sign or warning that (something, typically something bad) will happen.
the outcome of the game presaged the coming year
Noun
1
a sign or warning that something, typically something bad, will happen; an omen or portent.
the fever was a somber presage of his final illness
supersede
1
take the place of (a person or thing previously in authority or use); supplant.
the older models have now been superseded
craft
a boat or ship.
sailing craft
an activity involving skill in making things by hand.
the craft of bookbinding
exercise skill in making (something).
he crafted the chair lovingly
freight
goods transported in bulk by truck, train, ship, or aircraft.
a decline in the amount of freight carried by rail
propel
drive, push, or cause to move in a particular direction, typically forward.
the boat is propelled by using a very long paddle
span
the full extent of something from end to end; the amount of space that something covers.
a warehouse with a clear span of 28 feet
(of a bridge, arch, etc.) extend from side to side of.
the stream was spanned by a narrow bridge
divert
cause (someone or something) to change course or turn from one direction to another.
a scheme to divert water from the river to irrigate agricultural land
draw (the attention) of someone from something.
public relations policies are sometimes intended to divert attention away from criticism
momentus
(of a decision, event, or change) of great importance or significance, especially in its bearing on the future.
a period of momentous changes in East-West relations
foothill
کوهپایه
sedentary
(of a person) tending to spend much time seated; somewhat inactive.
we all walk a certain amount every day even if we are sedentary
intensively
with extreme concentration or effort; very thoroughly or vigorously.
he worked intensively through the summer
game
wild mammals or birds hunted for sport or food.
exotic
originating in or characteristic of a distant foreign country.
exotic birds
bowl
کاسه
artifact
an object made by a human being, typically an item of cultural or historical interest.
gold and silver artifacts
flotation
the action of floating in a liquid or gas.
the body form is modified to assist in flotation and propulsion
deal
a significant but unspecified amount of something.
he lost a great deal of blood
cramp
restrict or inhibit the development of.
tighter rules will cramp economic growth
pit
گودال
reed
نی
upright
(of a person) sitting or standing with the back straight.
an upright posture
(of a person or their behavior) strictly honorable or honest.
an upright member of the community
in or into a vertical position.
she was sitting upright in bed
a post or rod fixed vertically, especially as a structural support.
the stone uprights of the parapet
somewhat
to a moderate extent or by a moderate amount.
matters have improved somewhat since then
damp
slightly wet.
her hair was still damp from the shower
subsist
maintain or support oneself, especially at a minimal level.
thousands of refugees subsist on international handouts
LAW
remain in being, force, or effect.
the court may treat a contract as still subsisting
sizable
fairly large.
a sizable proportion of the population
clan
طایفه - قبلیه
descent
نژاد
botanist
گیاه شناس
nut
آجیل
oak
بلوط
mound
تپه
herd
a large group of animals, especially hoofed mammals, that live, feed, or migrate together or are kept together as livestock.
a herd of elephants
(with reference to a group of people or animals) move in a particular direction.
we all herded into a storage room
keep or look after (livestock).
Hunter and Tripp herded sheep
acre
a unit of land area equal to 4,840 square yards (0.405 hectare).
a 15-acre estate
narrow
محدود تنگ
lane
مسیر راه
courtyard
an unroofed area that is completely or mostly enclosed by the walls of a large building.
toe
any of the five digits at the end of the human foot.
he cut his big toe on a sharp stone
telltale
revealing, indicating, or betraying something.
the telltale bulge of a concealed weapon
abrasion
سایش
the process of scraping or wearing something away.
the metal is resistant to abrasion
tether
tie (an animal) with a rope or chain so as to restrict its movement.
the horse had been tethered to a post
bind
tie or fasten (something) tightly.
the logs were bound together with ropes
testify
give evidence as a witness in a law court.
he testified against his own commander
scavenger
an animal that feeds on carrion, dead plant material, or refuse
decay
(of organic matter) rot or decompose through the action of bacteria and fungi.
the body had begun to decay
agency
action or intervention, especially such as to produce a particular effect.
canals carved by the agency of running water
odds
the ratio between the amounts staked by the parties to a bet, based on the expected probability either way.
the bookies are offering odds of 8-1
invertebrate
بی مهره
spine
ستون مهره
occasion
1
a particular time or instance of an event.
on one occasion I stayed up until two in the morning
FORMAL
reason; cause.
it’s the first time that I’ve had occasion to complain
Verb
FORMAL
1
cause (something).
something vital must have occasioned this visit
immerse
1
dip or submerge in a liquid.
immerse the paper in water for twenty minutes
2
involve oneself deeply in a particular activity or interest.
she immersed herself in her work
tar
قیر
quicksand
شن روان
petrification
petrifaction
the process by which organic matter exposed to minerals over a long period is turned into a stony substance.
ordinarily
به طور معمول
snail
حلزون
clam
صدف
dissolution
1
the closing down or dismissal of an assembly, partnership, or official body.
the dissolution of their marriage
debauched living; dissipation.
an advanced state of dissolution
basically
اساسا
dissolve
حل کردن
silica
سیلیس
marrow
a soft fatty substance in the cavities of bones, in which blood cells are produced (often taken as typifying strength and vitality).
solution
a liquid mixture in which the minor component (the solute) is uniformly distributed within the major component (the solvent).
a solution of ammonia in water
marvelously
in a wonderful or extraordinary manner.
a marvelously carved wooden pulpit
ornamentation
things added to something to provide decoration.
a baroque chandelier with plasterwork ornamentation
delicate
ظریف
jellyfish
عروس دریایی
volatile
(of a substance) easily evaporated at normal temperatures.
volatile solvents such as petroleum ether, hexane, and benzene
constituent
Adjective
1
being a part of a whole.
the constituent minerals of the rock
noun
2
being a voting member of a community or organization and having the power to appoint or elect.
the constituent body has a right of veto
اجزای تشکیل دهنده
silhouette
the dark shape and outline of someone or something visible against a lighter background, especially in dim light.
she paused to see its silhouette against the dimming sky
blackened
سیاه شده
prospect
چشم انداز
the possibility or likelihood of some future event occurring.
there was no prospect of a reconciliation
a person regarded as likely to succeed or as a potential customer, client, etc.
clients deemed likely prospects for active party membership
an extensive view of landscape.
a viewpoint commanding a magnificent prospect of the estuary
Verb
1
search for mineral deposits in a place, especially by means of experimental drilling and excavation.
the company is also prospecting for gold
resin
صمغ
conifer
کاج
slab
a large, thick, flat piece of stone, concrete, or wood, typically rectangular.
paving slabs
remove slabs from (a log or tree) to prepare it for sawing into planks.
he slabbed the log on the two other remaining sides to make a rectangular timber
ghostly
of or like a ghost in appearance or sound; eerie and unnatural.
a ghostly figure with a hood
outline
نمای کلی
tentacle
شاخک
digestive
گوارشی
tract
an area of indefinite extent, typically a large one.
large tracts of natural forest
a major passage in the body, large bundle of nerve fibers, or other continuous elongated anatomical structure or region.
the digestive tract
viscera
احشا
viscus
singular form of viscera.
ooze
(of a fluid) slowly trickle or seep out of something; flow in a very gradual way.
blood was oozing from a wound in his scalp
give a powerful impression of (a quality).
he oozed charm and poise
seep
(of a liquid) flow or leak slowly through porous material or small holes.
water began to seep through the soles of his boots
diminish
make or become less.
a tax whose purpose is to diminish spending
shale
soft, finely stratified sedimentary rock that formed from consolidated mud or clay and can be split easily into fragile slabs.
lethal
sufficient to cause death.
a lethal cocktail of alcohol and pills
superbly
very well; excellently.
the team played superbly
in an impressively splendid manner.
the tomb is superbly ornamented with fine tracery
iridescent
رنگین کمانی
exoskeleton
a rigid external covering for the body in some invertebrate animals, especially arthropods, providing both support and protection.
intact
not damaged or impaired in any way; complete.
the church was almost in ruins but its tower remained intact
fur
خز
