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TOEFL > TPO20 > Flashcards

TPO20 Flashcards

1
Q

spectacularly

A

in an impressive, dramatic, or eye-catching way.
the immense skyscraper is spectacularly lit up

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2
Q

settler

A

a person who moves with a group of others to live in a new country or area.
the early European settlers in America were often fleeing from religious persecution

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3
Q

ancestor

A

جد

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4
Q

rooted

A

establish deeply and firmly.
vegetarianism is rooted in Indian culture

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5
Q

crisis

A

بحران

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6
Q

uproot

A

move (someone) from their home or a familiar location.
my father traveled constantly and uprooted his family several times

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7
Q

drive

A

propel or carry along by force in a specified direction.
the wind will drive you onshore

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8
Q

thereafter

A

بعد از آن

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9
Q

stratified

A

formed or arranged into strata or layers.
stratified limestone

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10
Q

inveterate

A

having a particular habit, activity, or interest that is long-established and unlikely to change.
he was an inveterate gambler

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11
Q

ambitious

A

having or showing a strong desire and determination to succeed.
his mother was hard-working and ambitious for her four children

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12
Q

daring

A

(of a person or action) adventurous or audaciously bold.
a daring crime

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13
Q

fringe

A

the border or outer edges of an area or group.
the southern fringes of the city

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14
Q

alluvium

A

a deposit of clay, silt, sand, and gravel left by flowing streams in a river valley or delta, typically producing fertile soil.

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15
Q

fecund

A

producing or capable of producing an abundance of offspring or new growth; fertile.
a lush and fecund garden

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16
Q

loam

A

a fertile soil of clay and sand containing humus.

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17
Q

prairie

A

چمن زار

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18
Q

tempt

A

entice or attempt to entice (someone) to do or acquire something that they find attractive but know to be wrong or not beneficial.
there’ll always be someone tempted by the rich pickings of poaching

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19
Q

sterile

A

not able to produce children or young.
the disease had made him sterile

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20
Q

plague

A

cause continual trouble or distress to.
he has been plagued by ill health

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21
Q

depletion

A

reduction in the number or quantity of something.
the depletion of the ozone layer

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22
Q

proliferation

A

rapid increase in numbers.
a continuing threat of nuclear proliferation

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23
Q

loan

A

وام

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24
Q

trail

A

a mark or a series of signs or objects left behind by the passage of someone or something.
a trail of blood on the grass

a beaten path through rough country such as a forest or moor.
country parks with nature trails

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25
Q

fashion

A

a manner of doing something.
the work is done in a rather casual fashion

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26
Q

turnpike

A

a spiked barrier fixed in or across a road or passage as a defense against sudden attack.

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27
Q

presage

A

(of an event) be a sign or warning that (something, typically something bad) will happen.
the outcome of the game presaged the coming year

Noun
1
a sign or warning that something, typically something bad, will happen; an omen or portent.
the fever was a somber presage of his final illness

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28
Q

supersede

A

1
take the place of (a person or thing previously in authority or use); supplant.
the older models have now been superseded

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29
Q

craft

A

a boat or ship.
sailing craft

an activity involving skill in making things by hand.
the craft of bookbinding

exercise skill in making (something).
he crafted the chair lovingly

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30
Q

freight

A

goods transported in bulk by truck, train, ship, or aircraft.
a decline in the amount of freight carried by rail

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31
Q

propel

A

drive, push, or cause to move in a particular direction, typically forward.
the boat is propelled by using a very long paddle

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32
Q

span

A

the full extent of something from end to end; the amount of space that something covers.
a warehouse with a clear span of 28 feet

(of a bridge, arch, etc.) extend from side to side of.
the stream was spanned by a narrow bridge

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33
Q

divert

A

cause (someone or something) to change course or turn from one direction to another.
a scheme to divert water from the river to irrigate agricultural land

draw (the attention) of someone from something.
public relations policies are sometimes intended to divert attention away from criticism

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34
Q

momentus

A

(of a decision, event, or change) of great importance or significance, especially in its bearing on the future.
a period of momentous changes in East-West relations

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35
Q

foothill

A

کوهپایه

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36
Q

sedentary

A

(of a person) tending to spend much time seated; somewhat inactive.
we all walk a certain amount every day even if we are sedentary

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37
Q

intensively

A

with extreme concentration or effort; very thoroughly or vigorously.
he worked intensively through the summer

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38
Q

game

A

wild mammals or birds hunted for sport or food.

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39
Q

exotic

A

originating in or characteristic of a distant foreign country.
exotic birds

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40
Q

bowl

A

کاسه

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41
Q

artifact

A

an object made by a human being, typically an item of cultural or historical interest.
gold and silver artifacts

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42
Q

flotation

A

the action of floating in a liquid or gas.
the body form is modified to assist in flotation and propulsion

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43
Q

deal

A

a significant but unspecified amount of something.
he lost a great deal of blood

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44
Q

cramp

A

restrict or inhibit the development of.
tighter rules will cramp economic growth

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45
Q

pit

A

گودال

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46
Q

reed

A

نی

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47
Q

upright

A

(of a person) sitting or standing with the back straight.
an upright posture

(of a person or their behavior) strictly honorable or honest.
an upright member of the community

in or into a vertical position.
she was sitting upright in bed

a post or rod fixed vertically, especially as a structural support.
the stone uprights of the parapet

48
Q

somewhat

A

to a moderate extent or by a moderate amount.
matters have improved somewhat since then

49
Q

damp

A

slightly wet.
her hair was still damp from the shower

50
Q

subsist

A

maintain or support oneself, especially at a minimal level.
thousands of refugees subsist on international handouts

LAW
remain in being, force, or effect.
the court may treat a contract as still subsisting

51
Q

sizable

A

fairly large.
a sizable proportion of the population

52
Q

clan

A

طایفه - قبلیه

53
Q

descent

A

نژاد

54
Q

botanist

A

گیاه شناس

55
Q

nut

A

آجیل

56
Q

oak

A

بلوط

57
Q

mound

A

تپه

58
Q

herd

A

a large group of animals, especially hoofed mammals, that live, feed, or migrate together or are kept together as livestock.
a herd of elephants

(with reference to a group of people or animals) move in a particular direction.
we all herded into a storage room

keep or look after (livestock).
Hunter and Tripp herded sheep

59
Q

acre

A

a unit of land area equal to 4,840 square yards (0.405 hectare).
a 15-acre estate

60
Q

narrow

A

محدود تنگ

61
Q

lane

A

مسیر راه

62
Q

courtyard

A

an unroofed area that is completely or mostly enclosed by the walls of a large building.

63
Q

toe

A

any of the five digits at the end of the human foot.
he cut his big toe on a sharp stone

64
Q

telltale

A

revealing, indicating, or betraying something.
the telltale bulge of a concealed weapon

65
Q

abrasion

A

سایش
the process of scraping or wearing something away.
the metal is resistant to abrasion

66
Q

tether

A

tie (an animal) with a rope or chain so as to restrict its movement.
the horse had been tethered to a post

67
Q

bind

A

tie or fasten (something) tightly.
the logs were bound together with ropes

68
Q

testify

A

give evidence as a witness in a law court.
he testified against his own commander

69
Q

scavenger

A

an animal that feeds on carrion, dead plant material, or refuse

70
Q

decay

A

(of organic matter) rot or decompose through the action of bacteria and fungi.
the body had begun to decay

71
Q

agency

A

action or intervention, especially such as to produce a particular effect.
canals carved by the agency of running water

72
Q

odds

A

the ratio between the amounts staked by the parties to a bet, based on the expected probability either way.
the bookies are offering odds of 8-1

73
Q

invertebrate

A

بی مهره

74
Q

spine

A

ستون مهره

75
Q

occasion

A

1
a particular time or instance of an event.
on one occasion I stayed up until two in the morning

FORMAL
reason; cause.
it’s the first time that I’ve had occasion to complain

Verb
FORMAL
1
cause (something).
something vital must have occasioned this visit

76
Q

immerse

A

1
dip or submerge in a liquid.
immerse the paper in water for twenty minutes

2
involve oneself deeply in a particular activity or interest.
she immersed herself in her work

77
Q

tar

A

قیر

78
Q

quicksand

A

شن روان

79
Q

petrification
petrifaction

A

the process by which organic matter exposed to minerals over a long period is turned into a stony substance.

80
Q

ordinarily

A

به طور معمول

81
Q

snail

A

حلزون

82
Q

clam

A

صدف

83
Q

dissolution

A

1
the closing down or dismissal of an assembly, partnership, or official body.
the dissolution of their marriage

debauched living; dissipation.
an advanced state of dissolution

84
Q

basically

A

اساسا

85
Q

dissolve

A

حل کردن

86
Q

silica

A

سیلیس

87
Q

marrow

A

a soft fatty substance in the cavities of bones, in which blood cells are produced (often taken as typifying strength and vitality).

88
Q

solution

A

a liquid mixture in which the minor component (the solute) is uniformly distributed within the major component (the solvent).
a solution of ammonia in water

89
Q

marvelously

A

in a wonderful or extraordinary manner.
a marvelously carved wooden pulpit

90
Q

ornamentation

A

things added to something to provide decoration.
a baroque chandelier with plasterwork ornamentation

91
Q

delicate

A

ظریف

92
Q

jellyfish

A

عروس دریایی

93
Q

volatile

A

(of a substance) easily evaporated at normal temperatures.
volatile solvents such as petroleum ether, hexane, and benzene

94
Q

constituent

A

Adjective

1

being a part of a whole.

the constituent minerals of the rock

noun

2

being a voting member of a community or organization and having the power to appoint or elect.

the constituent body has a right of veto

اجزای تشکیل دهنده

95
Q

silhouette

A

the dark shape and outline of someone or something visible against a lighter background, especially in dim light.
she paused to see its silhouette against the dimming sky

96
Q

blackened

A

سیاه شده

97
Q

prospect

A

چشم انداز

the possibility or likelihood of some future event occurring.
there was no prospect of a reconciliation

a person regarded as likely to succeed or as a potential customer, client, etc.
clients deemed likely prospects for active party membership

an extensive view of landscape.
a viewpoint commanding a magnificent prospect of the estuary

Verb
1
search for mineral deposits in a place, especially by means of experimental drilling and excavation.
the company is also prospecting for gold

98
Q

resin

A

صمغ

99
Q

conifer

A

کاج

100
Q

slab

A

a large, thick, flat piece of stone, concrete, or wood, typically rectangular.
paving slabs

remove slabs from (a log or tree) to prepare it for sawing into planks.
he slabbed the log on the two other remaining sides to make a rectangular timber

101
Q

ghostly

A

of or like a ghost in appearance or sound; eerie and unnatural.
a ghostly figure with a hood

102
Q

outline

A

نمای کلی

103
Q

tentacle

A

شاخک

104
Q

digestive

A

گوارشی

105
Q

tract

A

an area of indefinite extent, typically a large one.
large tracts of natural forest

a major passage in the body, large bundle of nerve fibers, or other continuous elongated anatomical structure or region.
the digestive tract

106
Q

viscera

A

احشا

107
Q

viscus

A

singular form of viscera.

108
Q

ooze

A

(of a fluid) slowly trickle or seep out of something; flow in a very gradual way.
blood was oozing from a wound in his scalp

give a powerful impression of (a quality).
he oozed charm and poise

109
Q

seep

A

(of a liquid) flow or leak slowly through porous material or small holes.
water began to seep through the soles of his boots

110
Q

diminish

A

make or become less.
a tax whose purpose is to diminish spending

111
Q

shale

A

soft, finely stratified sedimentary rock that formed from consolidated mud or clay and can be split easily into fragile slabs.

112
Q

lethal

A

sufficient to cause death.
a lethal cocktail of alcohol and pills

113
Q

superbly

A

very well; excellently.
the team played superbly

in an impressively splendid manner.
the tomb is superbly ornamented with fine tracery

114
Q

iridescent

A

رنگین کمانی

115
Q

exoskeleton

A

a rigid external covering for the body in some invertebrate animals, especially arthropods, providing both support and protection.

116
Q

intact

A

not damaged or impaired in any way; complete.
the church was almost in ruins but its tower remained intact

117
Q

fur

A

خز

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