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TOEFL > TPO22 > Flashcards

TPO22 Flashcards

1
Q

cordgrass

A

a coarse wiry coastal grass which is sometimes used to stabilize mudflats.

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2
Q

deciduous

A

برگ ریز

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3
Q

prennial

A

lasting or existing for a long or apparently infinite time; enduring or continually recurring.

his perennial distrust of the media

a perennial plant.

perennials will transform the garden in summer

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4
Q

intertidal

A

of or denoting the area of a seashore which is covered at high tide and uncovered at low tide.

intertidal zones

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5
Q

seaweed

A

جلبک دریایی

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6
Q

break down

A

the process of decomposing

: division into categories

a statistical breakdown of data

: a failure to function

preventing a breakdown of the health-care system

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7
Q

shrimp

A

میگو

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8
Q

sparrow

A

گنجشک

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9
Q

rodent

A

جانور جونده

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10
Q

offshore

A

situated at sea some distance from the shore.

this huge stretch of coastline is dominated by offshore barrier islands

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11
Q

subtidal

A

: of, relating to, or being the part of the neritic zone lying below the low-tide mark but still shallow and close to shore

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12
Q

stem

A

the main body or stalk of a plant or shrub, typically rising above ground but occasionally subterranean.

originate in or be caused by.

many of the universities’ problems stem from rapid expansion

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13
Q

germinate

A

(of a seed or spore) begin to grow and put out shoots after a period of dormancy.

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14
Q

substrate

A

an underlying substance or layer.

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15
Q

cobble

A

a cobblestone.

the sound of horses’ hooves on the cobbles

roughly assemble or put together something from available parts or elements.

the mayor cobbled together a budget

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16
Q

estuary

A

estuary

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17
Q

stand

A

be in a specified state or condition.

since mother’s death the house had stood empty

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18
Q

brackish

A

(of water) slightly salty, as is the mixture of river water and seawater in estuaries.

a cup of brackish water

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19
Q

deterioration

A

the process of becoming progressively worse.

a deterioration in the condition of the patient

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20
Q

oyster

A

صدف

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21
Q

transplanted

A

having moved or been transferred to another place or situation.

she’s a transplanted New Yorker

(of living tissue or an organ) implanted in another part of the body or in another body.

she received a transplanted kidney from her son

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22
Q

crowd out

A

: to push, move, or force (something or someone) out of a place or situation by filling its space

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23
Q

mudflat

A

a stretch of muddy land left uncovered at low tide.

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24
Q

waterfowl

A

ducks, geese, or other large aquatic birds, especially when regarded as game.

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25
Q

hamper

A

hinder or impede the movement or progress of.

their work is hampered by lack of funds

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26
Q

interfere

A

take part or intervene in an activity without invitation or necessity.

you promised not to interfere

prevent (a process or activity) from continuing or being carried out properly.

a job would interfere with his studies

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27
Q

recreational

A

relating to or denoting activity done for enjoyment when one is not working.

recreational facilities

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28
Q

meadow

A

a piece of grassland, especially one used for hay.

a meadow ready for cutting

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29
Q

flooding

A

the covering or submerging of normally dry land with a large amount of water.

a serious risk of flooding

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30
Q

smother

A

خفه کردن

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31
Q

dredge

A

clean out the bed of (a harbor, river, or other area of water) by scooping out mud, weeds, and rubbish with a dredge.

the lower stretch of the river had been dredged

لایروبی

32
Q

herbicide

A

علف کش

33
Q

mow

A

cut down (an area of grass) with a machine.

mow the lawn a day or two before you go, so it stays looking tidy while you are away

34
Q

eradication

A

the complete destruction of something.

the eradication of poverty

35
Q

intently

A

with earnest and eager attention.

he gazed at her intently

36
Q

impatiently

A

in a restlessly eager manner.

she is waiting impatiently for her husband’s return

37
Q

pinhole

A

a very small hole.

38
Q

topographical

A

relating to the arrangement or accurate representation of the physical features of an area.

the topographical features of the river valley

39
Q

copper

A

مس

40
Q

patent

A

a government authority or license conferring a right or title for a set period, especially the sole right to exclude others from making, using, or selling an invention.

he took out a patent for an improved steam hammer

easily recognizable; obvious.

she was smiling with patent insincerity

41
Q

inventor

A

مخترع

42
Q

treat

A

behave toward or deal with in a certain way.

she had been brutally treated

give medical care or attention to; try to heal or cure.

the two were treated for cuts and bruises

43
Q

etch

A

قلم زدن

44
Q

audience

A

the assembled spectators or listeners at a public event, such as a play, movie, concert, or meeting.

the orchestra was given an enthusiastic ovation from the audience

45
Q

obsolete

A

no longer produced or used; out of date.

the disposal of old and obsolete machinery

46
Q

miniature

A

(especially of a replica of something) of a much smaller size than normal; very small.

children dressed as miniature adults

47
Q

privilege

A

a special right, advantage, or immunity granted or available only to a particular person or group.

education is a right, not a privilege

grant a privilege or privileges to.

English inheritance law privileged the eldest son

48
Q

prolific

A

present in large numbers or quantities; plentiful.

mahogany was once prolific in the tropical forests

(of a plant, animal, or person) producing much fruit or foliage or many offspring.

in captivity tigers are prolific breeders

49
Q

proliferate

A

increase rapidly in numbers; multiply.

the science fiction magazines that proliferated in the 1920s

50
Q

multitude

A

a large number.

a multitude of medical conditions are due to being overweight

51
Q

destine

A

intend or choose (someone or something) for a particular purpose or end.

52
Q

reluctant

A

بی میل

53
Q

admit

A

اقرار کردن

54
Q

compromise

A

به خطر نداختن

مصالحه کردن

55
Q

trim

A

make (something) neat or of the required size or form by cutting away irregular or unwanted parts.

trim the grass using a sharp mower

additional decoration, typically along the edges of something and in contrasting color or material.

we painted the buildings off-white with a blue trim

56
Q

impose

A

تحمیل کردن

57
Q

plummete

A

fall or drop straight down at high speed.

a climber was killed when he plummeted 300 feet down an icy gully

58
Q

assortment

A

مجموعه

a miscellaneous collection of things or people.
the room was filled with an assortment of clothes

59
Q

embed

A

fix (an object) firmly and deeply in a surrounding mass.

he had an operation to remove a nail embedded in his chest

60
Q

nebula

A

a cloud of gas and dust in outer space, visible in the night sky either as an indistinct bright patch or as a dark silhouette against other luminous matter.

61
Q

chondrite

A

a stony meteorite containing small mineral granules (chondrules).

62
Q

allusion

A

کنایه

اشاره

63
Q

droplet

A

a very small drop of a liquid.

droplets of water

64
Q

enigma

A

معما

65
Q

fuse

A

join or blend to form a single entity.

intermarriage had fused the families into a large unit

66
Q

pocket

A

a small patch of something.

some of the gardens still had pockets of dirty snow in them

67
Q

refractory

A

resistant to a process or stimulus.

some granules are refractory to secretory stimuli

formal

stubborn or unmanageable.

his refractory pony

68
Q

inclusion

A

the action or state of including or of being included within a group or structure.

federal legislation now mandates the inclusion of students who are English language learners

69
Q

matrix

A

an environment or material in which something develops; a surrounding medium or structure.

free choices become the matrix of human life

70
Q

pristine

A

in its original condition; unspoiled.

pristine copies of an early magazine

71
Q

aggregate

A

formed or calculated by the combination of many separate units or items; total.

the aggregate amount of grants made

72
Q

ratio

A

نسبت

73
Q

noble

A

belonging to a hereditary class with high social or political status; aristocratic.

the Duchess of Kent and other noble ladies

having or showing fine personal qualities or high moral principles and ideals.

the promotion of human rights was a noble aspiration

74
Q

sludge

A

thick, soft, wet mud or a similar viscous mixture of liquid and solid components, especially the product of an industrial or refining process.

75
Q

reside

A

have one’s permanent home in a particular place.

people who work in the city actually reside in neighboring towns

76
Q

lump

A

توده

TOEFL (47 decks)

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