TPO22 Flashcards
cordgrass
a coarse wiry coastal grass which is sometimes used to stabilize mudflats.
deciduous
برگ ریز
prennial
lasting or existing for a long or apparently infinite time; enduring or continually recurring.
his perennial distrust of the media
a perennial plant.
perennials will transform the garden in summer
intertidal
of or denoting the area of a seashore which is covered at high tide and uncovered at low tide.
intertidal zones
seaweed
جلبک دریایی
break down
the process of decomposing
: division into categories
a statistical breakdown of data
: a failure to function
preventing a breakdown of the health-care system
shrimp
میگو
sparrow
گنجشک
rodent
جانور جونده
offshore
situated at sea some distance from the shore.
this huge stretch of coastline is dominated by offshore barrier islands
subtidal
: of, relating to, or being the part of the neritic zone lying below the low-tide mark but still shallow and close to shore
stem
the main body or stalk of a plant or shrub, typically rising above ground but occasionally subterranean.
originate in or be caused by.
many of the universities’ problems stem from rapid expansion
germinate
(of a seed or spore) begin to grow and put out shoots after a period of dormancy.
substrate
an underlying substance or layer.
cobble
a cobblestone.
the sound of horses’ hooves on the cobbles
roughly assemble or put together something from available parts or elements.
the mayor cobbled together a budget
estuary
estuary
stand
be in a specified state or condition.
since mother’s death the house had stood empty
brackish
(of water) slightly salty, as is the mixture of river water and seawater in estuaries.
a cup of brackish water
deterioration
the process of becoming progressively worse.
a deterioration in the condition of the patient
oyster
صدف
transplanted
having moved or been transferred to another place or situation.
she’s a transplanted New Yorker
(of living tissue or an organ) implanted in another part of the body or in another body.
she received a transplanted kidney from her son
crowd out
: to push, move, or force (something or someone) out of a place or situation by filling its space
mudflat
a stretch of muddy land left uncovered at low tide.
waterfowl
ducks, geese, or other large aquatic birds, especially when regarded as game.
hamper
hinder or impede the movement or progress of.
their work is hampered by lack of funds
interfere
take part or intervene in an activity without invitation or necessity.
you promised not to interfere
prevent (a process or activity) from continuing or being carried out properly.
a job would interfere with his studies
recreational
relating to or denoting activity done for enjoyment when one is not working.
recreational facilities
meadow
a piece of grassland, especially one used for hay.
a meadow ready for cutting
flooding
the covering or submerging of normally dry land with a large amount of water.
a serious risk of flooding
smother
خفه کردن
dredge
clean out the bed of (a harbor, river, or other area of water) by scooping out mud, weeds, and rubbish with a dredge.
the lower stretch of the river had been dredged
لایروبی
herbicide
علف کش
mow
cut down (an area of grass) with a machine.
mow the lawn a day or two before you go, so it stays looking tidy while you are away
eradication
the complete destruction of something.
the eradication of poverty
intently
with earnest and eager attention.
he gazed at her intently
impatiently
in a restlessly eager manner.
she is waiting impatiently for her husband’s return
pinhole
a very small hole.
topographical
relating to the arrangement or accurate representation of the physical features of an area.
the topographical features of the river valley
copper
مس
patent
a government authority or license conferring a right or title for a set period, especially the sole right to exclude others from making, using, or selling an invention.
he took out a patent for an improved steam hammer
easily recognizable; obvious.
she was smiling with patent insincerity
inventor
مخترع
treat
behave toward or deal with in a certain way.
she had been brutally treated
give medical care or attention to; try to heal or cure.
the two were treated for cuts and bruises
etch
قلم زدن
audience
the assembled spectators or listeners at a public event, such as a play, movie, concert, or meeting.
the orchestra was given an enthusiastic ovation from the audience
obsolete
no longer produced or used; out of date.
the disposal of old and obsolete machinery
miniature
(especially of a replica of something) of a much smaller size than normal; very small.
children dressed as miniature adults
privilege
a special right, advantage, or immunity granted or available only to a particular person or group.
education is a right, not a privilege
grant a privilege or privileges to.
English inheritance law privileged the eldest son
prolific
present in large numbers or quantities; plentiful.
mahogany was once prolific in the tropical forests
(of a plant, animal, or person) producing much fruit or foliage or many offspring.
in captivity tigers are prolific breeders
proliferate
increase rapidly in numbers; multiply.
the science fiction magazines that proliferated in the 1920s
multitude
a large number.
a multitude of medical conditions are due to being overweight
destine
intend or choose (someone or something) for a particular purpose or end.
reluctant
بی میل
admit
اقرار کردن
compromise
به خطر نداختن
مصالحه کردن
trim
make (something) neat or of the required size or form by cutting away irregular or unwanted parts.
trim the grass using a sharp mower
additional decoration, typically along the edges of something and in contrasting color or material.
we painted the buildings off-white with a blue trim
impose
تحمیل کردن
plummete
fall or drop straight down at high speed.
a climber was killed when he plummeted 300 feet down an icy gully
assortment
مجموعه
a miscellaneous collection of things or people.
the room was filled with an assortment of clothes
embed
fix (an object) firmly and deeply in a surrounding mass.
he had an operation to remove a nail embedded in his chest
nebula
a cloud of gas and dust in outer space, visible in the night sky either as an indistinct bright patch or as a dark silhouette against other luminous matter.
chondrite
a stony meteorite containing small mineral granules (chondrules).
allusion
کنایه
اشاره
droplet
a very small drop of a liquid.
droplets of water
enigma
معما
fuse
join or blend to form a single entity.
intermarriage had fused the families into a large unit
a small patch of something.
some of the gardens still had pockets of dirty snow in them
refractory
resistant to a process or stimulus.
some granules are refractory to secretory stimuli
formal
stubborn or unmanageable.
his refractory pony
inclusion
the action or state of including or of being included within a group or structure.
federal legislation now mandates the inclusion of students who are English language learners
matrix
an environment or material in which something develops; a surrounding medium or structure.
free choices become the matrix of human life
pristine
in its original condition; unspoiled.
pristine copies of an early magazine
aggregate
formed or calculated by the combination of many separate units or items; total.
the aggregate amount of grants made
ratio
نسبت
noble
belonging to a hereditary class with high social or political status; aristocratic.
the Duchess of Kent and other noble ladies
having or showing fine personal qualities or high moral principles and ideals.
the promotion of human rights was a noble aspiration
sludge
thick, soft, wet mud or a similar viscous mixture of liquid and solid components, especially the product of an industrial or refining process.
reside
have one’s permanent home in a particular place.
people who work in the city actually reside in neighboring towns
lump
توده
