TPO23

Question 1

sewage

Answer 1

فاضلاب شهری

Question 2

pollutants

Answer 2

a substance that pollutes something, especially water or the atmosphere.
chemical pollutants

Question 3

concrete

Answer 3

بتن

Question 4

latter

Answer 4

situated or occurring nearer to the end of something than to the beginning.
the latter half of 1989

denoting the second or second mentioned of two people or things.
the Russians could advance into either Germany or Austria—they chose the latter option

Question 5

rural

Answer 5

روستایی

Question 6

layout

Answer 6

چیدمان

Question 7

metropolis

Answer 7

the capital or chief city of a country or region.

he preferred the peaceful life of the countryside to the bustle of the metropolis

Question 8

gentle

Answer 8

having or showing a mild, kind, or tender temperament or character.
he was a gentle, sensitive man

moderate in action, effect, or degree; not harsh or severe.
a gentle breeze

Question 9

sector

Answer 9

an area or portion that is distinct from others.

operations in the southern sector of the North Sea

Question 10

quantity

Answer 10

1
the amount or number of a material or immaterial thing not usually estimated by spatial measurement.
the quantity and quality of the fruit can be controlled

Question 11

division

Answer 11

each of the parts into which something is divided.

the main divisions of the book

Question 12

husbandry

Answer 12

the care, cultivation, and breeding of crops and animals.
crop husbandry

management and conservation of resources.
low borrowing demonstrates astute husbandry of resources

Question 13

fodder

Answer 13

علوفه

Question 14

flax

Answer 14

کتان

Question 15

hops

Answer 15

Hops are the flowers of the hop plant Humulus lupulus, a member of the Cannabaceae family of flowering plants. They are used primarily as a bittering, flavouring, and stability agent in beer, to which, in addition to bitterness, they impart floral, fruity, or citrus flavours and aromas.

Question 16

turnip

Answer 16

شلغم

Question 17

restrict

Answer 17

put a limit on; keep under control.

some roads may have to be closed at peak times to restrict the number of visitors

Question 18

legendary

Answer 18

remarkable enough to be famous; very well known.

her wisdom in matters of childbirth was legendary

Question 19

undertake

Answer 19

commit oneself to and begin (an enterprise or responsibility); take on.
a firm of builders undertook the construction work

Question 20

reclaim

Answer 20

retrieve or recover (something previously lost, given, or paid); obtain the return of.
when Dennis emerged I reclaimed my room

Question 21

lease

Answer 21

a contract by which one party conveys land, property, services, etc. to another for a specified time, usually in return for a periodic payment.
a six-month lease on a shop

grant (property) on lease; let.
she leased the site to a local company

Question 22

overtake

Answer 22

(especially of misfortune) come suddenly or unexpectedly upon.
the pattern of economic ruin overtook them

Question 23

overtake

Answer 23

(especially of misfortune) come suddenly or unexpectedly upon.
the pattern of economic ruin overtook them

Question 24

aborigine

Answer 24

a person, animal, or plant that has been in a country or region from earliest times.

Question 25

encounter

Answer 25

an unexpected or casual meeting with someone or something.
she felt totally unnerved by the encounter

unexpectedly experience or be faced with (something difficult or hostile).
we have encountered one small problem

Question 26

speculative

Answer 26

engaged in, expressing, or based on conjecture rather than knowledge.
discussion of the question is largely speculative

Question 27

interpretation

Answer 27

تفسیر

Question 28

discipline

Answer 28

the practice of training people to obey rules or a code of behavior, using punishment to correct disobedience.
a lack of proper parental and school discipline

a branch of knowledge, typically one studied in higher education.
sociology is a fairly new discipline

train (someone) to obey rules or a code of behavior, using punishment to correct disobedience.
many parents have been afraid to discipline their children

Question 29

discern

Answer 29

perceive or recognize (something).

I can discern no difference between the two policies

Question 30

informant

Answer 30

a person who gives information to another.

Question 31

revise

Answer 31

re-examine and make alterations to (written or printed matter).
the book was published in 1960 and revised in 1968

Question 32

incomprehensible

Answer 32

غیرقابل درک

Question 33

antiquity

Answer 33

the ancient past, especially the period before the Middle Ages.
the great civilizations of antiquity

great age.
a church of great antiquity

Question 34

debate

Answer 34

a formal discussion on a particular topic in a public meeting or legislative assembly, in which opposing arguments are put forward.
last night’s debate on the Education Bill

argue about (a subject), especially in a formal manner.
the board debated his proposal

Question 35

underlie

Answer 35

be a significant cause or basis of (something) even if not necessarily manifest or obvious.
the fundamental issue that underlies the conflict

(especially of a layer of rock or soil) lie or be situated under (something).
limestone underlies much of the site

Question 36

indigenous

Answer 36

originating or occurring naturally in a particular place; native.
the indigenous peoples of Siberia

بومی

Question 37

concentric

Answer 37

متحدالمرکز

Question 38

motif

Answer 38

a decorative design or pattern.

T-shirts featuring spiral motifs

Question 39

pave

Answer 39

cover (a piece of ground) with concrete, asphalt, stones, or bricks; lay paving over.
the yard at the front was paved with flagstones

Question 40

peck

Answer 40

a stroke or bite by a bird with its beak.
the bird managed to give its attacker a sharp peck

(of a bird) strike or bite something with its beak.
two geese were pecking at some grain

(of a horse) pitch forward or stumble as a result of striking the ground with the front rather than the flat of the hoof.
her father’s horse had pecked slightly on landing

Question 41

glaze

Answer 41

لعاب

Question 42

coin

Answer 42

invent or devise (a new word or phrase).

he coined the term “desktop publishing.”

Question 43

profile

Answer 43

مشخصات

Question 44

obscure

Answer 44

not discovered or known about; uncertain.
his origins and parentage are obscure

1
keep from being seen; conceal.
gray clouds obscure the sun

Question 45

continuity

Answer 45

the unbroken and consistent existence or operation of something over a period of time.
pension rights accruing through continuity of employment

the maintenance of continuous action and self-consistent detail in the various scenes of a movie or broadcast.
a continuity error