TPO18

Question 1

lag

Answer 1

fall behind in movement, progress, or development; not keep pace with another or others.
they stopped to wait for one of the children who was lagging behind

Question 2

whereas

Answer 2

در حالیکه

Question 3

capital

Answer 3

wealth in the form of money or other assets owned by a person or organization or available or contributed for a particular purpose such as starting a company or investing.
rates of return on invested capital were high

Question 4

literacy

Answer 4

the ability to read and write.

tests of literacy and numeracy

Question 5

niche

Answer 5

a comfortable or suitable position in life or employment.

he is now a partner at a leading law firm and feels he has found his niche

Question 6

shipping

Answer 6

حمل دریایی

Question 7

admirable

Answer 7

قابل تحسین

Question 8

strait

Answer 8

تنگه

Question 9

abolish

Answer 9

formally put an end to (a system, practice, or institution).

the tax was abolished in 1977

Question 10

due

Answer 10

(with reference to a point of the compass) exactly; directly.
we’ll head due south again on the same road

of the proper quality or extent; adequate.
driving without due care and attention

an obligatory payment; a fee.
he had paid union dues for years

Question 11

institution

Answer 11

موسسه نهاد

Question 12

pose

Answer 12

present or constitute (a problem, danger, or difficulty).

the sheer number of visitors is posing a threat to the area

Question 13

corruption

Answer 13

فساد

Question 14

grandiose

Answer 14

impressive and imposing in appearance or style, especially pretentiously so.
the court’s grandiose facade

Question 15

liberal

Answer 15

willing to respect or accept behavior or opinions different from one’s own; open to new ideas.

Question 16

reform

Answer 16

make changes in (something, typically a social, political, or economic institution or practice) in order to improve it.
an opportunity to reform and restructure an antiquated schooling model

Question 17

peasant

Answer 17

a poor farmer of low social status who owns or rents a small piece of land for cultivation (chiefly in historical use or with reference to subsistence farming in poorer countries).
peasants left the farms to work in industry

Question 18

definite

Answer 18

clearly stated or decided; not vague or doubtful.

we had no definite plans

Question 19

stake out

Answer 19

mark an area with stakes so as to claim ownership of it.

“the boundary between the two manors was properly staked out”

Question 20

specialization

Answer 20

تخصص

Question 21

commerce

Answer 21

تجارت

Question 22

notorious

Answer 22

famous or well known, typically for some bad quality or deed.
Los Angeles is notorious for its smog

Question 23

prosperity

Answer 23

the state of being prosperous.

a long period of prosperity

Question 24

yawn

Answer 24

خمیازه

Question 25

investigation

Answer 25

تحقیق و بررسی

Question 26

tension

Answer 26

the state of being stretched tight. | the parachute keeps the cable under tension as it drops

Question 27

conductance

Answer 27

the degree to which an object conducts electricity, calculated as the ratio of the current which flows to the potential difference present. This is the reciprocal of the resistance, and is measured in siemens or mho

Question 28

cast

Answer 28

cause (light or shadow) to appear on a surface. | the moon cast a pale light over the cottages

Question 29

trigger

Answer 29

cause (an event or situation) to happen or exist. | an allergy can be triggered by stress or overwork

Question 30

hiccup

Answer 30

سکسکه کردن

Question 31

fetus

Answer 31

جنین

Question 32

amnion

Answer 32

پرده دور جنین

Question 33

congenital

Answer 33

مادرزادی

Question 34

empirical

Answer 34

based on, concerned with, or verifiable by observation or experience rather than theory or pure logic. they provided considerable empirical evidence to support their argument

Question 35

altogether

Answer 35

به طور کلی

Question 36

mount

Answer 36

``` climb up (stairs, a hill, or other rising surface). he mounted the steps to the front door ``` place or fix (an object) in its operating position. fluorescent lights are mounted on the ceiling

Question 37

accord

Answer 37

(of a concept or fact) be harmonious or consistent with. | his views accorded well with those of Merivale

Question 38

ancedotal

Answer 38

(of an account) not necessarily true or reliable, because based on personal accounts rather than facts or research. while there was much anecdotal evidence there was little hard fact حکایتی

Question 39

impending

Answer 39

قریب الوقوع

Question 40

incongruous

Answer 40

not in harmony or keeping with the surroundings or other aspects of something. the duffel coat looked incongruous with the black dress she wore underneath

Question 41

precede

Answer 41

``` come before (something) in time. a gun battle had preceded the explosions ```

Question 42

Lightning

Answer 42

رعد و برق

Question 43

flash

Answer 43

(of a light or something that reflects light) shine in a bright but brief, sudden, or intermittent way. the lights started flashing

Question 44

rush

Answer 44

move with urgent haste. | Jason rushed after her

Question 45

neutralize

Answer 45

خنثی کردن

Question 46

Concentrate

Answer 46

تمرکز

Question 47

strike

Answer 47

ضربه

Question 48

updraft

Answer 48

an upward current of air. | the clouds form when strong updrafts of wind begin rotating

Question 49

populate

Answer 49

form the population of (a town, area, or country). | the island is populated by scarcely 40,000 people

Question 50

collapse

Answer 50

سقوط و فروپاشی

Question 51

illuminate

Answer 51

make (something) visible or bright by shining light on it; light up. a flash of lightning illuminated the house

Question 52

surge

Answer 52

1 a sudden powerful forward or upward movement, especially by a crowd or by a natural force such as the waves or tide. flooding caused by tidal surges (of a crowd or a natural force) move suddenly and powerfully forward or upward. the journalists surged forward