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TOEFL > TPO16 > Flashcards

TPO16 Flashcards

1
Q

mainstay

A

نقطه اتکا

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2
Q

range

A

محدوده

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3
Q

ore

A

سنگ معدن

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4
Q

metallic

A

فلزی

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5
Q

jade

A

یشم

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6
Q

precious

A

گران بها

(of an object, substance, or resource) of great value; not to be wasted or treated carelessly.
precious works of art

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7
Q

lapis lazuli

A

سنگ لاجورد

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8
Q

expedition

A

a journey or voyage undertaken by a group of people with a particular purpose, especially that of exploration, scientific research, or war.
an expedition to the jungles of the Orinoco

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9
Q

civilization

A

تمدن

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10
Q

merchant

A

تاجر

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11
Q

timber

A

wood prepared for use in building and carpentry.
the exploitation of forests for timber

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12
Q

gem

A

گوهر

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13
Q

consequence

A

a result or effect of an action or condition.
many have been laid off from work as a consequence of the administration’s policies

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14
Q

artisan

A

صنعتگر

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15
Q

piecework

A

work paid for according to the amount produced.
workers did piecework at home

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16
Q

tutelage

A

protection of or authority over someone or something; guardianship.

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17
Q

establishment

A

a business organization, public institution, or household.
hotels or catering establishments

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18
Q

medieval

A

قرون وسطی

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19
Q

guild

A

a medieval association of craftsmen or merchants, often having considerable power.

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20
Q

sect

A

a group of people with somewhat different religious beliefs (typically regarded as heretical) from those of a larger group to which they belong.

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21
Q

kinship

A

خویشاوندی

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22
Q

bound

A

Verb
1
walk or run with leaping strides.
Louis came bounding down the stairs

2
form the boundary of; enclose.
the ground was bounded by a main road on one side and a meadow on the other

Noun
1
a leaping movement upward.
I went up the steps in two effortless bounds

2
a territorial limit; a boundary.
the ancient bounds of the forest

Adjective
1
going or ready to go toward a specified place.
the three moon-bound astronauts
2
certain to do or have something.
there is bound to be a change of plan

3
restricted or confined to a specified place.
his job kept him city-bound
4
(of a book) having a specified binding.
fine leather-bound books

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23
Q

master

A

استاد

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24
Q

mutual

A

متقابل

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25
Q

contract

A

قرارداد

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26
Q

repudiate

A

refuse to accept or be associated with.
she has repudiated policies associated with previous party leaders

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27
Q

egalitarian

A

برابرخواه

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28
Q

aid

A

help, typically of a practical nature.
he saw the pilot slumped in his cockpit and went to his aid

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29
Q

furthered

A

help the progress or development of (something); promote.
he had depended on using them to further his own career

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30
Q

domestic

A

داخلی

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31
Q

shepherd

A

چوپان

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32
Q

tribe

A

قبلیه

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33
Q

confederacy

A

a league or alliance, especially of confederate states.
the Italian confederacy known as the Lombard League

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34
Q

multiplicity

A

تعدد

a large number.
his climbing record lists a multiplicity of ascents

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35
Q

organization

A

سازمان

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36
Q

fellowship

A

Noun
friendly association, especially with people who share one’s interests.
they valued fun and good fellowship as the cement of the community

2
the status of a fellow of a college or society.
she held the Faulkner fellowship

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37
Q

worship

A

عبادت

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38
Q

Laissez-faire

A

Laissez-faire is an economic system in which transactions between private groups of people are free from or almost free from any form of economic interventionism such as regulation and subsidies.

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39
Q

harmony

A

هماهنگی - توازن

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40
Q

elected

A

منتخب

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41
Q

consensus

A

a general agreement.
a consensus view

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42
Q

mercantile

A

relating to trade or commerce; commercial.
the shift of wealth to the mercantile classes

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43
Q

peculiar

A

strange or odd; unusual.
his accent was a peculiar mixture of Cockney and Irish

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44
Q

moral

A

اخلاقی - معنوی

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45
Q

stance

A

the way in which someone stands, especially when deliberately adopted (as in baseball, golf, and other sports); a person’s posture.
she altered her stance, resting all her weight on one leg

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46
Q

weigh

A

وزن کردن

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47
Q

bond

A

ضمانتنامه - قرارداد

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48
Q

aristocrat

A

اشرافی

49
Q

profession

A

شغل حرفه
a declaration of belief in a religion.

50
Q

superiority

A

برتری

51
Q

favor

A

feel or show approval or preference for.
slashing public spending is a policy that few politicians favor

52
Q

ethic

A

a set of moral principles, especially ones relating to or affirming a specified group, field, or form of conduct.
the puritan ethic was being replaced by the hedonist ethic

53
Q

fellow

A

همکار

54
Q

entrepreneurial

A

characterized by the taking of financial risks in the hope of profit; enterprising.
an entrepreneurial culture

55
Q

pasture

56
Q

self-assertion

A

the confident and forceful expression or promotion of oneself, one’s views, or one’s desires.
“her self-assertion was born from a confident determination to succeed”

57
Q

literally

A

به معنای واقعی کلمه

58
Q

figuratively

A

departing from a literal use of words; metaphorical.
gold, in the figurative language of the people, was “the tears wept by the sun.”

59
Q

populous

A

پر جمعیت

60
Q

undermine

A

تضعیف کردن

61
Q

monetary

A

relating to money or currency.
documents with little or no monetary value

62
Q

state

A

the civil government of a country.
services provided by the state

63
Q

civil

A

relating to ordinary citizens and their concerns, as distinct from military or ecclesiastical matters.
civil aviation

64
Q

seafarer

A

a person who regularly travels by sea; a sailor.
the shipping subsidiary employs about 800 seafarers and 150 shore staff

65
Q

voyage

A

سفر دریایی

66
Q

prowl

A

پرسه زدن

67
Q

barren

A

(of land) too poor to produce much or any vegetation.
the plains of Kyrenia were barren

(of a place or building) bleak and lifeless.
the sports hall turned out to be a rather barren concrete building

68
Q

periphery

A

حاشیه

69
Q

authority

A

the power or right to give orders, make decisions, and enforce obedience.
he had absolute authority over his subordinates

70
Q

anxious

A

experiencing worry, unease, or nervousness, typically about an imminent event or something with an uncertain outcome.
she was extremely anxious about her exams

دلواپس

71
Q

illustrate

A

provide (a book, newspaper, etc.) with pictures.
the guide is illustrated with full-color photographs

72
Q

interplay

A

the way in which two or more things have an effect on each other.
the interplay between inheritance and learning

73
Q

descriptive

A

توصیفی

74
Q

proposal

A

طرح پویشنهادی

a plan or suggestion, especially a formal or written one, put forward for consideration or discussion by others.
a set of proposals for a major new high-speed rail link

75
Q

successive

A

پی در پی

76
Q

horizontal

77
Q

alkali

A

قلیایی

78
Q

assemble

A

(of people) gather together in one place for a common purpose.
a crowd had assembled outside the gates

79
Q

vertical

A

عمودی

80
Q

forerunner

A

پیش قراول

a person or thing that precedes the coming or development of someone or something else.
the icebox was a forerunner of today’s refrigerator

81
Q

farsighted

A

دور اندیش

82
Q

bold

A

(of a person, action, or idea) showing an ability to take risks; confident and courageous.
a bold attempt to solve the crisis

83
Q

subsequent

A

متعاقب

coming after something in time; following.
the theory was developed subsequent to the earthquake of 1906

84
Q

nucleus

85
Q

respect

A

a particular aspect, point, or detail

86
Q

analogous

A

قابل قیاس

comparable in certain respects, typically in a way which makes clearer the nature of the things compared.
they saw the relationship between a ruler and his subjects as analogous to that of father and children

87
Q

isolated

A

far away from other places, buildings, or people; remote.
isolated farms and villages

88
Q

correspondance

A

a close similarity, connection, or equivalence.
there is a simple correspondence between the distance of a focused object from the eye and the size of its image on the retina

89
Q

lend

A

قرض دادن

90
Q

gaseous

91
Q

scheme

92
Q

residue

A

باقی مانده

93
Q

realized

A

پی بردن

94
Q

substance

95
Q

previous

A

existing or occurring before in time or order.
she looked tired after her exertions of the previous evening

96
Q

postulate

A

suggest or assume the existence, fact, or truth of (something) as a basis for reasoning, discussion, or belief.
his theory postulated a rotatory movement for hurricanes

97
Q

hub

A

the central part of a wheel, rotating on or with the axle, and from which the spokes radiate.

the effective center of an activity, region, or network.
the city has always been the financial hub of the country

98
Q

satellite

99
Q

comet

A

دنباله دار

100
Q

asteroid

A

سیارک

101
Q

meteroid

A

شهاب سنگ

102
Q

collectively

A

به صورت جمعی

103
Q

elliptic

104
Q

terrestrial

A

زمینی

105
Q

Jovian

A

relating to the planet Jupiter or the class of giant planets to which Jupiter belongs.
clouds in the Jovian atmosphere

106
Q

nature

A

ماهیت

107
Q

correlation

A

همبستگی

108
Q

dimension

A

بعد ابعاد اندازه

109
Q

float

A

شناور

110
Q

ammonia

A

آمونیاک

111
Q

meager

A

ضعیف

(of something provided or available) lacking in quantity or quality.
they were forced to supplement their meager earnings

112
Q

motion

113
Q

comparatively

A

به طور نسبی

114
Q

infinitesimally

A

extremely small.
an infinitesimal pause

115
Q

astronomer

A

ستاره شناس

116
Q

conclude

A

نتیجه گرفتن

117
Q

primordial

A

existing at or from the beginning of time; primeval.
the primordial oceans

118
Q

condense

A

make (something) denser or more concentrated.
the limestones of the Jurassic age are condensed into a mere 11 feet

119
Q

void

TOEFL (47 decks)

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