TPO 27 Flashcards
escalate
increase rapidly.
the price of tickets escalated
field
an area of open land, especially one planted with crops or pasture, typically bounded by hedges or fences.
a wheat field
commute
travel some distance between one’s home and place of work on a regular basis.
she commuted from Westport in to Grand Central Station
utilitarian
designed to be useful or practical rather than attractive.
a utilitarian building
mass production
Mass production, also known as flow production or continuous production, is the production of large amounts of standardized products in a constant flow, including and especially on assembly lines. Together with job production and batch production, it is one of the three main production methods.
bevel
a slope from the horizontal or vertical in carpentry and stonework; a sloping surface or edge.
a very small 45° bevel is ground on the top surface
change (a square edge on an object) to a sloping one.
polish the face of the plate and bevel the edge
rim
the upper or outer edge of an object, typically something circular or approximately circular.
a china egg cup with a gold rim
form or act as an outer edge or rim for.
a huge lake rimmed by glaciers
crude
in a natural or raw state; not yet processed or refined.
crude protein
constructed in a rudimentary or makeshift way.
a relatively crude nuclear weapon
natural petroleum.
the ship was carrying 80,000 tons of crude
mold
a hollow container used to give shape to molten or hot liquid material (such as wax or metal) when it cools and hardens.
the smith would pour the molten metal into the shaped mold
discard
get rid of (someone or something) as no longer useful or desirable.
Hilary bundled up the clothes she had discarded
a person or thing rejected as no longer useful or desirable.
diagnostic
concerned with the diagnosis of illness or other problems.
a diagnostic tool
characteristic of a particular species, genus, or phenomenon.
the diagnostic character of having not one but two pairs of antennae
the practice or techniques of diagnosis.
advanced medical diagnostics
textile
a type of cloth or woven fabric.
a fascinating range of pottery, jewelry, and textiles
relating to fabric or weaving.
the textile industry
centrally
with the greatest importance or significance; essentially.
a clear recognition of how centrally important the ports are to sustaining economic growth
scoop
a utensil resembling a spoon, with a long handle and a deep bowl, used for removing powdered, granulated, or semisolid substances (such as ice cream) from a container.
the powder is packed in tubs in which a measuring scoop is provided
pour
flow rapidly in a steady stream.
water poured off the roof
come or go in a steady stream and in large numbers.
people poured out of the train
(of rain) fall heavily.
the storm clouds gathered and the rain poured down
cylinder
1
a solid geometric figure with straight parallel sides and a circular or oval cross section.
seal
a device or substance that is used to join two things together so as to prevent them from coming apart or to prevent anything from passing between them.
blue smoke from the exhaust suggests worn valve seals
a piece of wax, lead, or other material with an individual design stamped into it, attached to a document to show that it has come from the person who claims to have issued it.
fasten or close securely.
he folded it, sealed the envelope, and walked to the mailbox
Faience
Faience or faïence is the general English language term for fine tin-glazed pottery
stoneware
a type of pottery which is impermeable and partly vitrified but opaque.
a stoneware jar
jar
a wide-mouthed cylindrical container made of glass or pottery and typically having a lid, used especially for storing food.
a large storage jar
a physical shock or jolt.
the train stopped without the slightest jar
send a painful or damaging shock through (something, especially a part of the body).
he jarred his knee in training
have an unpleasant, annoying, or disturbing effect.
a laugh that jarred on the ears
bolt
a bar that slides into a socket to fasten a door or window.
relief
a feeling of reassurance and relaxation following release from anxiety or distress.
much to her relief, she saw the door open
assistance, especially in the form of food, clothing, or money, given to those in special need or difficulty.
raising money for famine relief
a person or group of people replacing others who have been on duty.
the relief nurse was late
the state of being clearly visible or obvious due to being accentuated in some way.
the setting sun threw the snow-covered peaks into relief
tectonic
relating to the structure of the earth’s crust and the large-scale processes which take place within it.
the movements of the tectonic plates
relating to building or construction.
a contest of tectonic quality and public attractiveness
plate
صفحه
بشقاب
fit
fix or put (something) into place.
they fitted smoke alarms to their home
jigsaw
a puzzle consisting of a picture printed on cardboard or wood and cut into various pieces of different shapes that have to be fitted together.
time is passed by doing jigsaws
mantle
a loose sleeveless cloak or shawl, worn especially by women.
she was wrapped tightly in her mantle
an important role or responsibility that passes from one person to another.
the second son has now assumed his father’s mantle
GEOLOGY
the region of the earth’s interior between the crust and the core, believed to consist of hot, dense silicate rocks (mainly peridotite).
magmas erupted at mid-ocean ridges are derived from the upper mantle
ridge
1
a long narrow hilltop, mountain range, or watershed.
the northeast ridge of Everest
mark with or form into narrow raised bands.
a field ploughed in narrow stretches that are ridged up slightly
plunge
jump or dive quickly and energetically.
our daughters whooped as they plunged into the sea
push or thrust quickly.
he plunged his hands into his pockets
glance
take a brief or hurried look.
Ginny glanced at her watch
overgrown
covered with plants that have been allowed to grow wild.
the garden was overgrown and deserted
grown too large or beyond its normal size.
the town is only an overgrown village
coral
علی الظاهر مرجان
instructive
useful and informative.
it is instructive to compare the two projects
erode
(of wind, water, or other natural agents) gradually wear away (soil, rock, or land).
the cliffs have been eroded by the sea
stretch
(of something soft or elastic) be made or be capable of being made longer or wider without tearing or breaking.
my sweater stretched in the wash
extend or spread over an area or period of time.
the beach stretches for over four miles
a continuous area or expanse of land or water.
a treacherous stretch of road
plume
a long, soft feather or arrangement of feathers used by a bird for display or worn by a person for ornament.
a hat with a jaunty ostrich plume
spread out in a shape resembling a feather.
smoke plumed from the chimneys
hotspot
a place of significant activity or danger.
they identified eight pollution hotspots at the mouth of the Thames
a popular place of entertainment.
she knew all the Manhattan hotspots for classy blues and retro jazz
a small area or region with a relatively hot temperature in comparison to its surroundings.
fire engines were required to visit the scene again last night after hotspots appeared to be in danger of re-igniting
owe
have an obligation to pay or repay (something, especially money) in return for something received.
they have denied they owe money to the company
backtrack
retrace one’s steps.
she had to bypass two closer farms and backtrack to them later
exterminate
destroy completely.
after exterminating the entire population, the soldiers set fire to the buildings
rebound
bounce back through the air after hitting a hard surface or object.
his shot hammered into the post and rebounded across the goal
hare
خرگوش
willow
بید
birch
توس
twig
شاخه
juvenile
of, for, or relating to young people.
juvenile crime
a young person.
survivorship
the state or condition of being a survivor; survival.
a survivorship clause
lynx
سیاهگوش
parallel
a person or thing that is similar or analogous to another.
a challenge that has no parallel in peacetime this century
oscillation
movement back and forth at a regular speed.
the natural oscillation of a spring
plot
a plan made in secret by a group of people to do something illegal or harmful.
a small piece of ground marked out for a purpose such as building or gardening.
a vegetable plot
secretly make plans to carry out (an illegal or harmful action).
the two men are serving sentences for plotting a bomb campaign
site
an area of ground on which a town, building, or monument is constructed.
the proposed site of a hydroelectric dam
fix or build (something) in a particular place.
the rectory is sited behind the church
mollusk
نرم تن
monopolize
(of an organization or group) obtain exclusive possession or control of (a trade, commodity, or service).
they instituted press censorship and monopolized the means of communication
sharp
(of an object) having an edge or point that is able to cut or pierce something.
cut the cake with a very sharp knife
producing a sudden, piercing physical sensation or effect.
I suddenly felt a sharp pain in my back
distinct in outline or detail; clearly defined.
the job was a sharp contrast from her past life
(of an action or change) sudden and marked.
there was a sharp increase in interest rates
having or showing speed of perception, comprehension, or response.
her sharp eyes missed nothing
precisely (used after an expression of time).
the meeting starts at 7:30 sharp
in a sudden or abrupt way.
he was brought up sharp by Helen’s voice
stand
the place where someone typically stands or sits.
she took her stand in front of the desks
