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TOEFL > TPO1 > Flashcards

TPO1 Flashcards

1
Q

Groundwater

A

water that is below the ground

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2
Q

saturate

A

to put a lot of something into a particular place, especially so that you could not add any more
saturate something with something

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3
Q

By far

A

تا کنون

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4
Q

abundant

A

existing or available in large quantities; plentiful.

there was abundant evidence to support the theory

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5
Q

precipitation

A

rain, snow, sleet, or hail that falls to the ground.
these convective processes produce cloud and precipitation

بارش
ته نشینی

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6
Q

meteoric water

A

Meteoric water is the water derived from precipitation (snow and rain).

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7
Q

meteor

A

a small body of matter from outer space that enters the earth’s atmosphere, becoming incandescent as a result of friction and appearing as a streak of light.

پدیده هوایی

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8
Q

ordinary

A

with no special or distinctive features; normal.

he sets out to depict ordinary people

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9
Q

soak

A

make or allow (something) to become thoroughly wet by immersing it in liquid.
soak the beans overnight in water

خیس خوردن

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10
Q

emerging

A

becoming apparent or prominent.

established and emerging artists

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11
Q

emerge

A

move out of or away from something and come into view.

black ravens emerged from the fog

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12
Q

At first thought

A

…

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13
Q

particle

A

a minute portion of matter.

tiny particles of dust

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14
Q

sand

A

شن

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15
Q

grain

A

دانه، غله

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16
Q

pebbles

A

سنگریزه

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17
Q

loose

A

not firmly or tightly fixed in place; detached or able to be detached.
a loose tooth

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18
Q

unconsolidated

A

make (something) physically stronger or more solid.

the first phase of the project is to consolidate the outside walls

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19
Q

Gravel

A

سنگ ریزه (و فک کنم کوچیکتر از

pebble)

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20
Q

bed

A

بستر

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21
Q

beneath

A

at a lower level or layer than.

beneath this floor there’s a cellar

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22
Q

soil

A

خاک

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23
Q

circulate

A

move or cause to move continuously or freely through a closed system or area.

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24
Q

rough

A

having an uneven or irregular surface; not smooth or level.

they had to carry the victim across the rough, stony ground

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25
Q

coarse

A

having a rough surface that feels slightly hard

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26
Q

sediment

A

matter that settles to the bottom of a liquid; dregs.

the ice freezes the wine and sediment at the base of the cork

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27
Q

flow

A

جریان

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28
Q

sheet

A

a large rectangular piece of cotton or other fabric, used on a bed to cover the mattress and as a layer beneath blankets when these are used.

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29
Q

steadily

A

in a regular and even manner.

the business has been growing steadily

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30
Q

melt

A

ذوب شدن

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31
Q

laden

A

heavily loaded or weighed down.

a tree laden with apples

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32
Q

glacial

A

relating to ice and glaciers, or formed by glaciers

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33
Q

outwash

A

material carried away from a glacier by meltwater and deposited beyond the moraine.

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34
Q

deposit

A

1
put or set down (something or someone) in a specific place, typically unceremoniously.
he deposited a pile of schoolbooks on the kitchen table

گذاشت
سپرده

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35
Q

though

A

به هر حال

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36
Q

fanwise

A

in the manner or position of the slats of an open fan

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37
Q

spread

A 
open out (something) so as to extend its surface area, width, or length.
I spread a towel on the sand and sat down
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38
Q

slope

A

a surface of which one end or side is at a higher level than another; a rising or falling surface.

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39
Q

drop

A

let or make (something) fall vertically.

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40
Q

lake

A

دریاچه

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41
Q

inland

A

situated in the interior of a country rather than on the coast.
the deserts of inland Australia

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42
Q

thick

A

with opposite sides or surfaces that are a great or relatively great distance apart.

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43
Q

lowland

A

low-lying country.

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44
Q

plain

A

a large area of flat land with few trees.

the coastal plain

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45
Q

spot

A

a particular place or point.

a nice secluded spot

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46
Q

overlie

A

lie on top of.
soft clays overlie the basalt

روی چیزی قرار گرفتن یا خوابیدن

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47
Q

buried

A

placed or hidden underground.

buried treasure

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48
Q

former

A

سابق

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49
Q

sandbar

A

a long, narrow sandbank, especially at the mouth of a river.

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50
Q

cement

A

سیمان

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51
Q

cemented

A

]گویا[

محکم شده

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52
Q

minute

A

[as verb]

extremely small.

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53
Q

among

A

در میان

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54
Q

plug

A

an obstruction blocking a hole, pipe, etc.

somewhere in the pipes there is a plug of ice blocking the flow

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55
Q

dissolve

A

(with reference to a solid) become or cause to become incorporated into a liquid so as to form a solution.
glucose dissolves easily in water

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56
Q

percolate

A

(of a liquid or gas) filter gradually through a porous surface or substance.
the water percolating through the soil may leach out minerals

صاف کردن

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57
Q

form

A

فرم

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58
Q

porous

A

(of a rock or other material) having minute spaces or holes through which liquid or air may pass.

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59
Q

Thus

A

as a result of something that you have just mentioned

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60
Q

proportion

A

a part, share, or number considered in comparative relation to a whole.
the proportion of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is rising

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61
Q

lava

A

hot molten or semifluid rock erupted from a volcano or fissure, or solid rock resulting from cooling of this.

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62
Q

porosity

A

The proportion of empty space in a rock is known as its porosity

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63
Q

permeability

A

نفوذ پذیری

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64
Q

ease

A

absence of difficulty or effort.

she gave up smoking with ease

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65
Q

cavity

A

a hole or space inside something

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66
Q

crevice

A

a narrow opening or fissure, especially in a rock or wall.
many creatures hide in crevices in the rock
شکاف

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67
Q

drain

A

۱- (به تدریج آب چیزی را) خالی‌کردن، زیرآب زدن، کشیدن (آب

چیزی)، تهی ساختن، زه‌کشی کردن

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68
Q

suitable

A

مناسب

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69
Q

cling

A

hold on tightly to.

she clung to Joe’s arm

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70
Q

tension

A

کشش

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71
Q

drop

A

1
a small round or pear-shaped portion of liquid that hangs or falls or adheres to a surface.
the first drops of rain splashed on the ground

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72
Q

film

A

a very thin layer of liquid, powder etc on the surface of something

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73
Q

overcome

A

غلبه بر

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74
Q

firmly

A

with little possibility of movement; securely.

the door remained firmly shut

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75
Q

inferred

A

deduce or conclude (information) from evidence and reasoning rather than from explicit statements.

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76
Q

absorb

A

جذب

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77
Q

valley

A

دره

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78
Q

surround

A

احاطه

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79
Q

drag

A

pull (someone or something) along forcefully, roughly, or with difficulty.
we dragged the boat up the beach

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80
Q

emphasize

A

اهمیت دادن

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81
Q

essential

A

extremely important and necessary

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82
Q

indicate

A

نشان دادن

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83
Q

origin

A

اصل و نسب

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84
Q

seek

A

to try to achieve or get something

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85
Q

rely

A

اتکا کردن

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86
Q

primarily

A

mainly

در درجه اول

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87
Q

speculation

A

حدس و گمان

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88
Q

draw

A

pull or drag (something such as a vehicle) so as to make it follow behind.
a cart drawn by two horses

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89
Q

champion

A

support the cause of; defend.

priests who championed human rights

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90
Q

anthropologists

A

the scientific study of people, their societies, cultures etc

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91
Q

envision

A

imagine as a future possibility; visualize.
she envisioned the admiring glances of guests seeing her home

تجسم

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92
Q

myth

A

an idea or story that many people believe, but which is not true

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93
Q

ritual

A

a ceremony that is always performed in the same way, in order to mark an important religious or social occasion

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94
Q

perceive

A

درک

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95
Q

stage

A

a point, period, or step in a process or development.

there is no need at this stage to give explicit details

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96
Q

become

A

begin to be.

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97
Q

aware

A

if you are aware that a situation exists, you realize or know that it exists

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98
Q

influence

A

the capacity to have an effect on the character, development, or behavior of someone or something, or the effect itself.

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99
Q

supply

A

an amount of something that is available to be used

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100
Q

attribute

A

1)

regard something as being caused by (someone or something).
he attributed the firm’s success to the efforts of the managing director
2)

a quality or feature regarded as a characteristic or inherent part of someone or something.
flexibility and mobility are the key attributes of our army

101
Q

desirable

A

wanted or wished for as being an attractive, useful, or necessary course of action.

102
Q

occurence

A

an incident or event.

103
Q

means

A

a way of doing or achieving something

104
Q

favor

A

approval, support, or liking for someone or something.

the legislation is viewed with favor

105
Q

apparent

A

easy to notice

106
Q

certain

A

مسلم - قطعی
معلوم

some but not all.

107
Q

refine

A

remove impurities or unwanted elements from (a substance), typically as part of an industrial process.
sugar was refined by boiling it in huge iron vats

پالودن

108
Q

formalize

A

give (something) legal or formal status.

109
Q

representive

A

typical of a class, group, or body of opinion.
these courses are representative of those taken by most Harvard undergraduates

نماینده

110
Q

rite

A

a religious or other solemn ceremony or act.
the rite of communion

آیین، مراسم

111
Q

celebrate

A

جشن گرفتن

112
Q

accompany

A

go somewhere with (someone) as a companion or escort.

the two sisters were to accompany us to New York

113
Q

companion

A

همراه و همدم

114
Q

sophisticated

A

پیچیده

having, revealing, or proceeding from a great deal of worldly experience and knowledge of fashion and culture.

115
Q

conception

A

دریافت، آبستنی

116
Q

casual

A

relating to or acting as a cause.

117
Q

abandon

A

رها کردن

118
Q

modify

A

to make small changes to something in order to improve it and make it more suitable or effective

119
Q

oral

A

spoken, not written

120
Q

tradition

A

سنت

121
Q

act

A

take action; do something.

they urged Washington to act

122
Q

autonomous

A

an autonomous place or organization is free to govern or control itself

123
Q

thereafter

A

بعد از آن

124
Q

aesthetic

A

زیبایی شناسی

125
Q

mystical

A

1

relating to mystics or religious mysticism.

126
Q

efficacious

A

working in the way you intended

127
Q

Storytelling

A

قصه گویی

128
Q

propose

A

پیشنهاد دادن

129
Q

relate

A

مربوط بودن
گزارش دادن
شرح دادن

130
Q

pleasure

A

a feeling of happy satisfaction and enjoyment.

she smiled with pleasure at being praised

131
Q

feat

A

an achievement that requires great courage, skill, or strength.
the new printing presses were considerable feats of engineering

شاهکار

132
Q

elaborate

A

carefully planned and organized in great detail

با دقت شرح دادن

133
Q

narrator

A

the person who tells the story in a book or a play

134
Q

impersonate

A

o pretend to be someone else by copying their appearance, voice, and behaviour, especially in order to deceive people

135
Q

eventually

A

در نهایت

136
Q

assume

A

فرض کردن، به عهده گرفتن

137
Q

evolve

A

to develop and change gradually over a long period of time

138
Q

imitate

A

1
take or follow as a model.
his style was imitated by many other writers

تقلید کردن

139
Q

admiration

A

تحسین

140
Q

virtuosity

A

great skill in music or another artistic pursuit.

a performance of considerable virtuosity

141
Q

grace

A

Noun
1
simple elegance or refinement of movement.
she moved through the water with effortless grace

2
courteous goodwill.
at least he has the grace to admit his debt to her

Verb
1
do honor or credit to (someone or something) by one’s presence.
she bowed out from the sport she has graced for two decades

142
Q

motivation

A

the reason or reasons one has for acting or behaving in a particular way.
escape can be a strong motivation for travel

انگیزه

143
Q

performance

A

کارایی

اجرا

144
Q

antecedent

A

someone or something existing or happening before, especially as the cause or origin of something existing or happening later:

۱- (از نظر ترتیب یا زمان یا منطق) مقدم، پیشتر، اسبق، پیش‌آیند،
سابق، قبلی
this ancient instrument is thought to be the antecedent of the piano
چنین فرض می‌شود که این ساز باستانی تطور یافته و تبدیل به پیانو
شده است.

145
Q

scholar

A

a person who studies a subject in great detail, especially at a university:

146
Q

theorize

A

to develop a set of ideas about something

147
Q

develop

A

۱- رشد یافتن یا دادن، توسعه یافتن یا دادن، گسترش دادن یا یافتن،
بالیدن، گستراندن، گوالیدن

148
Q

valued

A

useful and important:

149
Q

cease

A

to stop something

150
Q

fulfill

A

to do something that is expected, hoped for, or promised, or to cause it to happen:

  • انجام دادن ، به انجام رساندن، (به قول و غیره) عمل کردن، وفا
    کردن، به پایان رساندن
    I will fulfill my promise
    قول خود را انجام خواهم داد.
151
Q

function

A

the natural purpose (of something) or the duty (of a person):

152
Q

fall back on

A

to use or do something else after other things have failed

153
Q

forth

A

(from a place) out or away, or (from a point in time) forward

154
Q

imitative

A

copying or following a model or example.

تقلیدی

155
Q

gift

A

a present or something that is given:

156
Q

encounter

A

a meeting, especially one that happens by chance:

رویارویی

157
Q

fiction

A
  • (هر چیزی که ساخته‌ی تخیل و اندیشه است) چیز ساختگی، تخیلی،
    غیر واقع، پندار، پندار گونه، پندارش، وانمود، وهم، چیز مجهول،
    خیال‌پردازی
158
Q

anxiety

A

an uncomfortable feeling of nervousness or worry about something that is happening or might happen in the future:

۱- نگرانی، دلواپسی، اضطراب، تشویش

159
Q

confront

A

to face, meet, or deal with a difficult situation or person:

160
Q

instinct

A

غریزه

161
Q

penchant

A

a liking for, an enjoyment of, or a habit of doing something, especially something that other people might not like:

تمایل شدید، میل وافر، رغبت، علاقه، گرایش
a penchant for art
گرایش نسبت به هنر
a penchant for criticism that often offended
تمایل به انتقاد که غالبا موجب رنجش می‌شد
162
Q

detached

A

۱- جدا (شده)، غیرمتصل، باز (شده)، باز از هم، مجزا

163
Q

vision

A

an idea or mental image of something:

164
Q

deviation

A

انحراف

165
Q

ridiculous

A

stupid or unreasonable and deserving to be laughed at:

۱- مسخره، خنده‌دار، مضحک ۲- مسخره آمیز، استهزا آمیز ۳-
چرند، مزخرف، بسیار بد

166
Q

threat

A

تهدید

167
Q

welfare

A

the health, happiness, and fortunes of a person or group.
they don’t give a damn about the welfare of their families

۱- رفاه، بهروزی، بهزیستی، آسایش

168
Q

retain

A

to keep or continue to have something:

169
Q

debate

A

serious discussion of a subject in which many people take part:

170
Q

ascribe

A

to believe or claim that something was said, written, or created by a particular person:

ابسته دانستن، نسبت دادن، اسناد کردن
it is wrong to ascribe all our problems to the war

171
Q

contrast

A

an obvious difference between two or more things:

172
Q

hypothetical

A

1
of, based on, or serving as a hypothesis.
that option is merely hypothetical at this juncture

173
Q

factual

A

۱- وابسته به یا دارای واقعیات، راستین بنیاد، راستینی، راستین،
واقعی، حقیقی
the factual aspects of this case
جنبه‌های واقعی این قضیه

174
Q

upon

A 
- روی، بر، بر روی، برفراز
I jumped upon the horse
پریدم روی اسب.
a house built upon a hill
خانه‌ای که برفراز تپه‌ای ساخته شده است
intense sadness fell upon me again
حزن شدید دوباره بر من مستولی شد.
۲- نزدیک، مجاور
summer holidays are upon us
تعطیلات تابستان نزدیک است.
the enemy is upon us
دشمن به ما نزدیک است.
۳- به
upon my honor!
به شرفم قسم!
suddenly we came upon a corpse
ناگهان به یک نعش برخوردیم.
to hit upon a solution
به راه حل رسیدن
۴- در
upon the first opportunity
در اولین فرصت
the enchantment of the scenery is still upon me
اثر سحرآمیز آن منظره هنوز در من وجود دارد.
۵- پس از، متعاقب، پیرو، بعداز
invitations will be sent only upon written request
دعوت‌نامه‌ها فقط پس از دریافت درخواست کتبی ارسال خواهد شد.
upon Bijhan's death, she married Jallal
پس از مرگ بیژن او با جلال ازدواج کرد.
upon the receipt of this letter ...
پیرو دریافت این نامه ...
۶- درباره‌ی، مربوط به ۷- به سوی ۸- طبق، بنابر
175
Q

prosperity

A
  • رونق، شکوفایی، سامان، بهروزی
    good management caused the restaurants prosperity
    مدیریت خوب موجب رونق رستوران شد.
176
Q

phenomenon

A

پدیده

something that exists and can be seen, felt, tasted, etc., especially something unusual or interesting:

177
Q

compromise

A

an agreement in an argument in which the people involved reduce their demands or change their opinion in order to agree:

۱- مصالحه، سازش، مدارا، میانگیری، توافق، کدخدامنشی، حد وسط،
بینابین

178
Q

timberline

A

(در مناطق سرد و کوهستانی) خط مفروضی که بالای آن هیچ درختی رشد نمی‌کند

179
Q

vegetation

A

plants in general

180
Q

transition

A

transition from something to something

181
Q

tundra

A

the large flat areas of land in the north of Russia, Canada etc, where it is very cold and there are no trees

182
Q

dramatic

A

great and sudden

183
Q

within

A 
- در، درون، داخل، تو
India is a continent within a continent
هندوستان اقلیمی است در اقلیم دیگر.
within the doors
توی اتاق (یا ساختمان)
it is cold within and without
درون و بیرونش سرد است.
۲- در درون، در داخل، درونا
there are spies within the organization
در درون سازمان جاسوس وجود دارد.
she was outwardly calm but raging within
او ظاهرا آرام بود ولی خشم در درونش زبانه می‌کشید.
his heart sank within him
قلبش فرو ریخت.
the water is stored within the soil
آب در درون خاک ذخیره می‌شود.
within the country
در داخل کشور
it's raining outside; come within
در خارج دارد باران می‌آید بیا داخل (ساختمان).
۳- (در) جوف، (به) ضمیمه، (در) ذیل، (در) اینجا، (در) زیر
the persons within named
اشخاصی که نام آنها در زیر آمده است.
the within complaint
شکایت نامه‌ی جوف
۴- (در) کمتر از، در ظرف (در)حدود، تا، در محدوده‌ی
within the law
در محدوده‌ی قانون
Abbas died within a year of his wife's death
عباس کمتر از یک سال پس از مرگ زنش فوت کرد.
to live within one's income
به اندازه‌ی درآمد خود خرج کردن
he came within two meters of the snake
او تا دو متری مار جلو آمد.
۵- در معرض، در تیررس، در...
within reach
در دسترس
within hearing
در فاصله‌ی قابل شنیدن
184
Q

vertical

A

عمودی

185
Q

life form

A

a living thing such as a plant or animal

186
Q

shrub

A

بوته

187
Q

herb

A

۱- (هر گیاهی که فقط یک سال دوام دارد) گیاه یکساله ۲- گیاه
دارویی، گیاه ادویه‌ای، گیاه چاشنی، گیاه معطر، داروگیا، گیا
she still believes in medicinal herbs
او هنوز هم به داروهای گیاهی اعتقاد دارد.
this food has been cooked with different herbs and spices
این خوراک را با گیاهان و ادویه‌ی گوناگون پخته‌اند.
herb tea
چای گیاهی (جوشانده)
۳- علف، رویش گیاهی، واس، واش، سبزه، چرامین
under my foot the herbs were dry
در زیر پایم علف‌ها خشک بودند.

188
Q

rapid

A
  • تند، سریع، تندرو، تیزگام، تیز تاز
189
Q

pass

A

to come up to a particular place, person, or object and go past them

190
Q

steppe

A

a large area of land without trees, especially in Russia, Asia, and eastern Europe

191
Q

edge

A

کنار، لبه، نبش، کناره

192
Q

moisture

A

رطوبت، نم

193
Q

snowline

A

(در کوه‌ها - خطی که در بالای آن همیشه برف وجود دارد) برف مرز

194
Q

tropic

A

the parallel of latitude 23°26ʹ north (tropic of Cancer) or south (tropic of Capricorn) of the equator.

195
Q

subtropics

A

The subtropical zones or subtropics are geographic and climate zones located to the north and south of the tropical zone.

196
Q

moist

A

۱- نم کشیده، نم‌دار، مرطوب، (کمی) تر، (کمی) خیس

197
Q

evergreens

A

همیشه سبز

198
Q

deciduous trees

A

درختان برگریز

199
Q

extreme

A

furthest from the center or a given point; outermost.

the extreme northwest of Scotland

200
Q

broadleaf

A

پهن برگ

201
Q

Species

A

گونه ها

202
Q

birch

A

توس(درخت)

203
Q

twist

A

form into a bent, curling, or distorted shape.
a strip of metal is twisted to form a hollow tube

پیچ - پیچیدن

204
Q

particularly

A

به ویژه

205
Q

attain

A

succeed in achieving (something that one desires and has worked for).
clarify your objectives and ways of attaining them

206
Q

ridge

A

A ridge or a mountain ridge is a geographical feature consisting of a chain of mountains or hills that form a continuous elevated crest for some distance

207
Q

whereas

A

in contrast or comparison with the fact that.
you treat the matter lightly, whereas I myself was never more serious

در حالیکه

208
Q

expose

A

در معرض گذاشتن

make (something) visible by uncovering it.
at low tide the sands are exposed

reveal the true, objectionable nature of (someone or something).
he has been exposed as a liar and a traitor

209
Q

favorable

A

expressing approval.

the book received highly favorable reviews

210
Q

prone

A

likely to or liable to suffer from, do, or experience something, typically something regrettable or unwelcome.
years of logging had left the mountains prone to mudslides

211
Q

frost

A

a deposit of small white ice crystals formed on the ground or other surfaces when the temperature falls below freezing.
the lanes were glistening with frost

212
Q

cessation

A

توقف

1
the fact or process of ending or being brought to an end.
the cessation of hostilities

213
Q

smother

A

kill (someone) by covering their nose and mouth so that they suffocate.

خفه کردن

214
Q

avalanche

A

بهمن

215
Q

snow creep

A

Snow Creep is a continuous, extremely slow, downhill movement of a layer of snow. Snow Creep is a continuous, extremely slow, downhill movement of a layer of snow.

216
Q

creep

A

خزیدن

move slowly and carefully in order to avoid being heard or noticed.
he crept downstairs, hardly making any noise

217
Q

late lying snow

A

Late-lying snow is snow that persists and remains even after winter has ended and, in some areas, it persists into the summer depending on factors such as altitude; for example, in high mountainous regions

218
Q

presist

A

continue firmly or obstinately in an opinion or a course of action in spite of difficulty, opposition, or failure.

the minority of drivers who persist in drinking

219
Q

velocity

A

سرعت

220
Q

increase

A

افزایش یافتن

221
Q

presence

A

حضور

1
the state or fact of existing, occurring, or being present in a place or thing.
the presence of chlorine in the atmosphere

222
Q

ultraviolet

A

ماورابنفش

223
Q

elevation

A

ارتفاغ

224
Q

browse

A

survey goods for sale in a leisurely and casual way.
he stopped to browse around a sporting goods store
Synonyms:
look around have a look window-shop peruse
2
(of an animal) feed on leaves, twigs, or other high-growing vegetation.
they reach upward to browse on bushes

225
Q

graze

A

چراندن

226
Q

ibex

A

بزکوهی

227
Q

shoot

A

شاخه

228
Q

bud

A

جوانه

229
Q

mature

A

بالغ

230
Q

Above

A

بالا

231
Q

adjacent

A

مجاور

232
Q

fairly

A

with justice.
he could not fairly be accused of wasting police time

to quite a high degree.
I was fairly certain she had nothing to do with the affair

233
Q

diversity

A

تنوع

234
Q

bare

A

لخت

235
Q

occasional

A

گاه به گاه

236
Q

moss

A

خزه

237
Q

lichen

A

گلسنگ

238
Q

prostrate

A

lying stretched out on the ground with one’s face downward.

BOTANY
growing along the ground.
“mats of prostrate herbs can be used to break up expanses of soil”

239
Q

cushion

A

کوسن

240
Q

habitat

A

زیستگاه

241
Q

snowdrift

A

a bank of deep snow heaped up by the wind.

242
Q

striking

A

قابل توجه، برجسته، موثر

243
Q

characteristic

A

ویژگی

244
Q

rigor

A

MEDICINE
a sudden feeling of cold with shivering accompanied by a rise in temperature, often with copious sweating, especially at the onset or height of a fever.
2
the quality of being extremely thorough, exhaustive, or accurate.
his analysis is lacking in rigor

245
Q

crucial

A

حیاتی

246
Q

insulate

A

عایق بندی کردن

247
Q

equatorial

A

استوایی

248
Q

prevalent

A

widespread in a particular area or at a particular time.

the social ills prevalent in society today

TOEFL (47 decks)

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