Topic8GeneMutations Flashcards

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1
Q

What is substitution mutation?
[ALEVEL]

A

Substitution mutations is when one or more bases substituted in DNA base sequence-which may change AminoAcid.

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2
Q

What is silent mutation?

A

Silent Mutation is may not change AminoAcid sequence due to Degenerate nature of the genetic code.

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3
Q

Where do other silent mutations occur?
What is another name for Substitution mutation?
What kind of effect occurs?

A

Silent mutation can also be called neutral mutation.
Other type of silent mutation occurs in introns(non-coding region)
May not have a major effect on organisms as change in tietary structure might be very small.

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4
Q

What is insertion mutation?
What kinds of frameshift occurs?

A

Insertion mutation is when one or more nucleotides pairs INSERTED into the sequence.

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5
Q

What is deletion mutation?
What frame-shift does it occur?

A

Deletion mutation is when one or more nucleotide pairs deleted from the sequence.
Frame-shift to the left.

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6
Q

What is Duplication mutation?
What frame-shift does it occur?
[A-LEVEL]

A

Duplication mutation is where one or more bases repeated and therefore produce a frame-shift
Frame-shift to the right (same as insertion)

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7
Q

What is inversion mutation?

A

Inversion mutation is where a group of bases become separated from DNA base sequence and re-join at same position BUT IN REVERSE ORDER.

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8
Q

What is Translocation Mutation?

A

Translocation Mutation is where a group of bases become separated from DNA base sequence on one chromosome and are inserted into DNA sequence on another chromosome.

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9
Q

What is the effect of translocation mutation?

A

Translocation mutation leads to a significant effect on phenotype as there are DIFFERENT GENES ON DIFFERENT CHROMOSOMES, genes may become NON-FUNCTIONAL

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10
Q

What causes Mutation?
[Hint:3]

A

1.Spontaneous error during DNA replication
2.Chemical mutagens (Alcohol, tobacco)
3.Ionising Radiation (U.V X-rays)

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