Topic4 Gene Mutatation And Meiosis Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Gene mutation and what are the two types? (AS)

A

Gene Mutation is the change in base sequence of DNA.

The two types are Substitution and Deletion mutation

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2
Q

What is Substitution Mutation?
What is the affect?

Explain Everything

A

Substitution mutation is the substitution of one base for another changes AminoAcid which changes AminoAcid Sequence changing the primary and Tietary structure so changes protein structure and function

May not affect AminoAcid sequence due to degenerate nature of the genetic code.

Single AminoAcid change more likely to have a less of an effect

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3
Q

What is deletion mutation?
What is the affect?

A

Deletion mutation is the deletion of base in a DNA sequence.

Causes a frame shift to the left.

Larger affect on amino acids as many codons are changed

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4
Q

What is chromosomal Mutation?

A

Mutations in number of chromosome can arise by Chromosome non-disjunction in meiosis

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5
Q

What causes chromosome mutations?

A

Non-disjunction is an error that occurs when chromosome are separated and divided resulting in Trisomy or Aneuploidy

Trisomy is extra copy of chromosome.

Aneuploidy missing copy or part of chromosome

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6
Q

What is Trisomy?

A

Extra copy of chromosome

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7
Q

What is Aneuploidy?

A

Missing copy or part of chromosome

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8
Q

What is Meiosis?

What are Haploid cells?

What are Diploid cells?

(What do Meiosis create?)

A

Meiosis form of cell division that produces 4 daughter cells that are genetically different from each other.

Haploid cells are formed(n)
Diploid cells halved into Haploid(2n)

Meiosis produces gametes (Sex cells)

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9
Q

What are the two ways meiosis creates genetic variation?

A

Crossing over and Independent Segregation

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10
Q

What is crossing over?
When does it occur?
How does it occur?

A

Crossing over is sections of chromatids break and exchange sister chromatids on Homologous chromosomes.

Occurs during prophase 1

Homologous chromosome pair to form Bivalents
Section of Chromatid break and exchange sister chromatids on Homologous Chromosomes

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11
Q

What is independent Segregation?

A

Homologous chromosome line up at the equator randomly.

Chromosome separate randomly
So therefore GAMETES Receive different combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes

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12
Q

what else increase Genetic Variation?

A

Random fertilisation gametes further increase genetics variation within species

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