Biological Molecules Flashcards
What are the 3 main functions of Lipids?
1)Insulation
2)Energy Storage
3) Protection
What are the two type of lipids?
Triglycerides and Phospholipids
What kind of reaction and what ‘reactants’ are used to make triglycerides?
CONDENSATION reaction 3 fatty acids and 1 molecule of Glycerol and 3 molecule of water formed
What kind bond is present in Triglycerides and How is it formed?
An ester bond and the OH from glycerol and the H from fatty acid chain
What are the properties of Triglycerides and why ?
[Hint3]
1) Energy Storage- high ratio of carbon-Hydrogen(C-H) bond to Carbon-Carbon(C-C) bonds
2)Low mass-Lots can be present without affecting organism ability to walk.etc..
3)Insoluble- Fatty Acid chain are Hydrophobic
How are Phospholipids formed?
One fatty Acid is replaced by Phosphate-Containing group
So
1 Molecule of glycerol, 2xfatty acid chains and 1 phosphate- containing group
What is the structure and property of Phospholipid?
Fatty Acid chains are HYDROPHOBIC and Phosphate heads are hydrophilic so polar molecule= PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER
What is a Saturated and Unsaturated fatty acid chains?
Saturated= Single carbon-carbon bonds
Unsaturated= AT LEAST one double- double carbon bond
What is the test for lipids?
1)Shake sample with ethanol
2)Add water
3)If lipid present cloudy white milky emulsion
Give me the type of Monosaccharides?
Glucose, Galactose and Fructose.
What is a condensation reaction?
Joining molecules to form a chemical bond excluding water so water produced.
What are the type of glucose molecules?
Alpha with the Hydroxyl on top
Beta with the Hydroxyl at the bottom
[A FIRST so A top …]
What is the chemical bond in Carbohydrates?
Glycosidic Bond
What are the type of Disaccharides?
Maltose= 2 ALPHA Glucose
Sucrose= Glucose + Fructose
Galactose= Glucose+Lactose
What are the polysaccharides you need to know about?
Starch, Glycogen and Cellulose
Give the properties and the type of Glucose in starch and the structure of Starch?
Starch present in Starch
Polymer of Alpha Glucose
Starch has a helical structure so compact so easily hydrolysed into Alpha Glucose for respiration
Insoluble won’t affect water potential important in plants
What are the properties of Glycogen and type of Glucose?
Glycogen is animal starch
Glycogen polymer of Alpha Glucose
Glycogen is Highly branched so readily hydrolysed into Alpha Glucose for uses in respiration.SO ENABLES TO ACT AS A STORAGE MOLECULE
What is the glucose present in cellulose and the properties and structure of cellulose?
Cellulose present in Plant cell walls
Cellulose polymer of Beta Glucose so molecules are inverted- Arrangement of Atoms must ADOPT THIS configuration so GLYCOSIDIC BOND FORMATION EASIER
What give cellulose ability to act as a cell wall?
Cellulose have straight chain of cellulose so hydroxyls group can form hydrogen bonds with other chain of cellulose hydroxyl group
Hydrogen bonds form tough fibres called Fibrils give cellulose High Tensile strength supporting role of Cell wall
What is the test for Reducing Sugar?
Add Benedict’s Reagent- HEAT= BRICK RED PRECIPITATE
What is the test for Non-Reducing Sugar?
Add HCL-BOIL then add Alkali such as NAHCO3
Add Benedict’s Reagent-HEAT and Brick red precipitatewould form
