Topic 2 Cardiovascular system - Parameter and figures Flashcards
I. Parameters of Cardiovascular system
1. Duration of PQ interval of ECG (HR = 75/min)
0.12 - 2s
I. Parameters of Cardiovascular system
2. Duration of QRS Complex of ECG (HR = 75/min)
0.06 - 0.1 s
I. Parameters of Cardiovascular system
3. Duration of P wave of ECG
< 0.11s
I. Parameters of Cardiovascular system
4. Amplitude of ST-segment of ECG
- Maximal change: 0.1 - 0.2 mV
-> If elevated, this is the sign of myocardial infarction
I. Parameters of Cardiovascular system
5. Amplitude of R and T waves of ECG in II.
R: 0.5 - 2 mV
T: < 0.5 mV
I. Parameters of Cardiovascular system
6. Duration of cardiac cycle (HR=75/min)
0.8s
I. Parameters of Cardiovascular system
7. Duration of systole (HR=75/min)
0.27s
I. Parameters of Cardiovascular system
8. Duration of diastole (HR=75/min)
0.53s
I. Parameters of Cardiovascular system
9. Duration of ventricular ejection
about 0.25s
I. Parameters of Cardiovascular system
10. Duration of ventricular filling
About 0.38s
I. Parameters of Cardiovascular system
11. Stroke volume
About 80 mL
I. Parameters of Cardiovascular system
12. Systolic pressure in the aorta
120 mmHg
I. Parameters of Cardiovascular system
13. Diastolic pressure in the aorta
80 mmHg
I. Parameters of Cardiovascular system
14. Systolic pressure in the right ventricle
25 mmHg
I. Parameters of Cardiovascular system
15. Diastolic pressure in the right ventricle
0 mmHg
I. Parameters of Cardiovascular system
16. Systolic pressure in the left ventricle
120 mmHg
I. Parameters of Cardiovascular system
17. Diastolic pressure in the left ventricle
4 mmHg
I. Parameters of Cardiovascular system
18. Systolic pressure in the a. pulmonalis
24 mmHg
I. Parameters of Cardiovascular system
19. Diastolic pressure in the a. pulmonalis
9 mmHg
I. Parameters of Cardiovascular system
20. Definition and parameter of Central venous pressure
- Def: Central venous pressure is the blood pressure in the venae cavae, near the right atrium of the heart.
- Value: 0 - 2 mmHg
I. Parameters of Cardiovascular system
21. Blood flow of kidney
1200 - 1300 ml/min (20 - 25% of CO)
I. Parameters of Cardiovascular system
22. Blood flow of splanchic area
1500 ml/min (25% of CO)
AVDO2: 30 - 40 mL O2/ Blood
I. Parameters of Cardiovascular system
23. Blood flow of brain
QB: 750 - 800 ml/min
AVDO2: 60 mL O2/ Blood
I. Parameters of Cardiovascular system
24. Blood flow of heart
Q: 200 - 240 mL/min (5% of CO)
AVDO2: 110 mL O2/ L blood
I. Parameters of Cardiovascular system
25. Blood flow of skin
Comfort zone: 0.1 - 0.3 L/min
Hot: 7L/min
I. Parameters of Cardiovascular system
26. Blood flow of skeletal muscles
At rest: 4 - 5 mL/100 g/min
Exercise: 50 - 100 mL/100g/min
I. Parameters of Cardiovascular system
27. CSF volume
150 mL
I. Parameters of Cardiovascular system
28. Protein concentration of cerebrospinal fluid
0.03g/dL
I. Parameters of Cardiovascular system
29. Hydrostatic pressure of capillaries in the arteriolar end and in the venular end
Arteriolar end: 35 mmHg
Venular end: 12 mmHg
I. Parameters of Cardiovascular system
30. Effective filtration pressure of capillaries in the arteriolar end and in the venular end
Arteriolar: 14 mmHg
Venular end: -9 mmHg
I. Parameters of Cardiovascular system
31. Oxygen consumption in 1 minute
250 mL
I. Parameters of Cardiovascular system
32. AVDO2 in the systemic circulation
50 mL O2/ L blood
I. Parameters of Cardiovascular system
33. AVDO2 in the kidney
15 mL O2/ L blood
I. Parameters of Cardiovascular system
34. AVDO2 in the splanchnic area
30 -40mL /Lblood
I. Parameters of Cardiovascular system
45. AVDO2 in the brain
60mL / L blood
I. Parameters of Cardiovascular system
36. AVDO2 in the heart in resting condition and during physical exercise
110mL / L blood
-> already maximum, so to increase O2 supply => increasing blood flow is the only way
I. Parameters of Cardiovascular system
37. AVDO2 in the skin
20 -30mL / Lblood
I. Parameters of Cardiovascular system
38. AVDO2 in the skeletal muscles in resting condition and during physical exercise
Resting : 60mL / Lblood
Exercise : 150mL /L blood
II. Figures for Cardiovascular Physiology
6. Action potential recorded from a cardiac ventricular cell. (Give values of both axes in case of the human resting heart!) Draw also transmembrane currents of Na+, Ca2+ and K+ ions below!
II. Figures for Cardiovascular Physiology
7. Time-dependent changes in membrane potential and contraction force of a ventricular muscle fiber. (Give values of both axes in case of the human resting heart!)
II. Figures for Cardiovascular Physiology
8. Time-dependent changes in membrane potential and transmembrane ionic currents of the sinoatrial nodal cell.
II. Figures for Cardiovascular Physiology
9. Action potentials recorded from the cells in sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node and in Purkinje fibers. (Give values of both axes in case of the human resting heart!)
AV node, Purkinjie fibers also contain HCN (has intrinsic pacemaker activity)
=> They will take over activity when SA node is damaged
II. Figures for Cardiovascular Physiology
10. Effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic mediators on the sinoatrial nodal action potential. Draw action potentials in control and in experimental conditions separately! Indicate the potential values!
II. Figures for Cardiovascular Physiology
11. Draw Einthoven’s triangle and indicate Einthoven limb leads!
II. Figures for Cardiovascular Physiology
12. Draw circuit diagram of unipolar limb leads!
II. Figures for Cardiovascular Physiology
13. Draw circuit diagram of augmented unipolar limb leads!
II. Figures for Cardiovascular Physiology
14. An example of normal ECG curve represented by lead II. Indicate atrioventricular transit time and QT interval and give their values for a resting human heart!
II. Figures for Cardiovascular Physiology
15. An example of normal ECG curves with a normal electrical main axis represented by the 3 bipolar limb leads. (Give values of time axis in case of the human resting heart!)
II. Figures for Cardiovascular Physiology
16. Draw action potentials recorded from the cells of sinoatrial node and ventricular muscle fiber and also draw the ECG curve (lead II) in the same time scale! Give values for the time axis!
II. Figures for Cardiovascular Physiology
17. Construct main electrical axis of the heart with Einthoven’s triangle!
II. Figures for Cardiovascular Physiology
18. Draw left atrial, aortic, left ventricular pressure and ECG curves for a cardiac cycle! Give values of both axes!
II. Figures for Cardiovascular Physiology
19. Draw ECG curves (lead II), the pulmonary arterial pressure and right ventricular pressure curves for a cardiac cycle in the same time scale! Give values of both axes!
II. Figures for Cardiovascular Physiology
20. Draw ECG curves (lead II) and changes in left ventricular volume for a cardiac cycle in the same time scale! Give values of both axes (human values)! Indicate 1st and the 2nd heart sounds!
II. Figures for Cardiovascular Physiology
21. Draw diagram of left ventricular pressure versus left ventricular volume
(pressure-volume loop) for a single cardiac cycle during resting condition and also during an increased preload! Give values of both axes (human values)!
II. Figures for Cardiovascular Physiology
22. Draw diagram of left ventricular pressure versus left ventricular volume
(pressure-volume loop) for a single cardiac cycle during resting condition and also during an increased afterload! Give values of both axes (human values)!
II. Figures for Cardiovascular Physiology
23. Draw phasic changes of left coronary blood flow and aortic pressure in the same time scale! Give values of pressure and time axes in case of thee resting human heart!
II. Figures for Cardiovascular Physiology
24. Changes in intravascular pressure throughout the systemic circulation. Give pressure values on the Y axis!
II. Figures for Cardiovascular Physiology
25. Changes in cerebral blood flow in relation with arterial blood pressure. Give values of both axes!
