Cardiovascular system - Figures Flashcards
1
Q
- Action potential recorded from a cardiac ventricular cell. (Give values of both axes in case of the human resting heart!) Draw also transmembrane currents of Na+, Ca2+ and K+ ions below!
A
2
Q
- Time-dependent changes in membrane potential and contraction force of a ventricular muscle fiber. (Give values of both axes in case of the human resting heart!)
A
3
Q
- Time-dependent changes in membrane potential and transmembrane ionic currents of the sinoatrial nodal cell.
A
4
Q
- Action potentials recorded from the cells in sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node and in Purkinje fibers. (Give values of both axes in case of the human resting heart!)
A
AV node , purkinje fiber also contain HCN (If) (has intrinsic pacemaker activity)
=> Take over the excitatory activity when SA node is damaged
5
Q
- Effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic mediators on the sinoatrial nodal action potential. Draw action potentials in control and in experimental conditions separately! Indicate the potential values!
A
6
Q
- Draw Einthoven’s triangle and indicate Einthoven limb leads!
A
7
Q
- Draw circuit diagram of unipolar limb leads!
A
8
Q
- Draw circuit diagram of augmented unipolar limb leads!
A
9
Q
- An example of normal ECG curve represented by lead II. Indicate atrioventricular transit time and QT interval and give their values for a resting human heart!
A
10
Q
- An example of normal ECG curves with a normal electrical main axis represented by the 3 bipolar limb leads. (Give values of time axis in case of the human resting heart!)
A
11
Q
- Draw action potentials recorded from the cells of sinoatrial node and ventricular muscle fiber and also draw the ECG curve (lead II) in the same time scale! Give values for the time axis!
A
12
Q
- Construct main electrical axis of the heart with Einthoven’s triangle!
A
13
Q
- Draw left atrial, aortic, left ventricular pressure and ECG curves for a cardiac
cycle! Give values of both axes!
A
14
Q
- Draw ECG curves (lead II), the pulmonary arterial pressure and right ventricular pressure curves for a cardiac cycle in the same time scale! Give values of both
axes!
A
15
Q
- Draw ECG curves (lead II) and changes in left ventricular volume for a cardiac cycle in the same time scale! Give values of both axes (human values)! Indicate
1st and the 2nd heart sounds!
A
16
Q
- Draw diagram of left ventricular pressure versus left ventricular volume
(pressure-volume loop) for a single cardiac cycle during resting condition and
also during an increased preload! Give values of both axes (human values)!
A
17
Q
- Draw diagram of left ventricular pressure versus left ventricular volume (pressure-volume loop) for a single cardiac cycle during resting condition and
also during an increased afterload! Give values of both axes (human values)!
A
18
Q
- Draw phasic changes of left coronary blood flow and aortic pressure in the same
time scale! Give values of pressure and time axes in case of thee resting human
heart!
A
19
Q
- Changes in intravascular pressure throughout the systemic circulation. Give
pressure values on the Y axis!
A
20
Q
- Changes in cerebral blood flow in relation with arterial blood pressure. Give values of both axes!
A
