2.8. Physiological vasoconstrictors. & 2.9. Physiological vasodilators. Flashcards
1
Q
- What are vasoconstrictors?
A
2
Q
- What are the vasodilators?
A
- 1.1. Body fluid compartments and their determination. The extracellular and intravascular fluid.
- 1.2. Structure, permeability and transport functions of the cell membrane. Transepithelial transports
- 1.3. Signal transduction: receptors, G proteins, second messengers.
- 1.4. Classification, function and main features of ion channels. Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. Cellular calcium metabolism.
- 1.5. The development of the resting membrane potential. The development and properties of the electrotonic potential.
- 1.6. The development of the action potential in excitable cells: similarities and differences between distinct cells. Conduction of the action potential.
- 1.7. Physiology of nerve cells. Synaptic transmission and its regulation. Neurotransmitters.
- 1.8. The physiology of smooth muscle. The functions of different types of smooth muscle.
- 1.9A. (Neuromuscular junction) and physiology of the skeletal muscle.
- 1.9B. Neuromuscular junction and physiology of the skeletal muscle.
- 1.10A. Parasympathetic efferent mechanisms.
- 1.10B. Sympathetic efferent mechanisms, adrenergic receptors.
- Cell Physiology figures and parameters
- 2.1A. Impulse generation and conduction in the heart. Mechanism of pacemaker potential. Control of pacemaker activity and impulse conduction.
- 2.1B. Impulse generation and conduction in the heart. Mechanism of pacemaker potential. Control of pacemaker activity and impulse conduction.
- 2.2. Electrocardiography, the human electrocardiogram.
- 2.3. The heart cycle. Changes in pressure and volume during the cardiac cycle. Heart sounds. & 2.4A. Pump function of the heart
- 2.4B. (Pump function of the heart.) Cardiac output and its control.
- 2.5 & 2.6
- 2.7A. Functional organization of microcirculation and its control.
- 2.7B. Control of interstitial fluid volume, Starling forces. & 2.8A Lymph flow.
- 2.8. Physiological vasoconstrictors. & 2.9. Physiological vasodilators.
- 2.8B. Venous circulation, factors determining venous pressure and flow. Control of capacity vessels.
- 2.10. Reflex control of circulation: baroreceptor and chemoreceptor reflexes. Cardiovascular centers.
- 2.9. Local control of circulation. Characteristics of vascular smooth muscle. Myogenic, humoral, hormonal and neural control mechanisms.
- 2.12A. Coronary circulation and its control.
- 2.11A. Circulation of the skeletal muscle. Circulatory effects of physical exercise.
- 2.11B. Splanchnic circulation and circulation of the skin.
- 2.12B. Circulation of the brain. Cerebrospinal fluid. Blood-brain barrier.
- Cardiovascular Physiology - Parameters
- Cardiovascular system - Figures
- Topic 2 Cardiovascular system - Parameter and figures
- 3.1
- 3.2A. Gas exchange in the respiratory system.
- 3.2B. The pulmonary circulation. Ventilation-perfusion relationship.
- 3.3. Oxygen and carbon dioxide transport. Hemoglobin. Types of hypoxia.
- 3.5. Cardiopulmonary adaptation during change in the body position and during physical exercise.
- 3.6
- 3.7. Chemical control of the respiration. Pulmonary adaptations to training.
- Respiratory Physiology - Parameters and Figures
- 4.1. Circulation of the kidney. Glomerular-filtration.
- 4.2. Tubular transport processes.
- 4.3. Concentration and dilution in the kidney. The function of the urinary bladder and the regulation of the urination
- 4.3B. Renal Na+ and K+ excretion and regulation.
- 4.4A. Control of body fluid volumes and extracellular fluid osmolality.
- 4.4B. Control of body fluid volumes and extracellular fluid osmolality.
- 4.4C. Control of body fluid volumes and extracellular fluid osmolality. (Hypothalamic regulation of water conservation and uptake.)
- 4.7. Basic terms of acid-base balance. Buffer systems of the body. Parameters of acid-base balance.
- 4.8. Role of the kidneys in the regulation of acid-base balance.
- 3.8. The role of ventilation in the regulation of the pH, in the development and compensation of the acid-base imbalances in the body.
- Urinary system - Parameters
- Renal physiology - Figures
- 5.1. Hematopoiesis. The composition of the blood. The human blood group systems.
- 5.2. Hemostasis and the role of thrombocytes. Blood coagulation. Fibrinolysis. Physiological anticoagulant mechanisms.
- Physiology of blood
- 6.1. Regulation in the gastrointestinal tract: enteric nervous system and gastrointestinal hormones.
- 6.2. Motor functions of the gastrointestinal tract and their control
- 6.3. Function of the salivary glands and regulation of salivary secretion. Gastric secretion and its control.
- 6.4. Exocrine secretion of pancreas and its regulation. Bile production of the liver. Metabolism and secretion of bile pigments.
- 6.5. Degradation and absorption of nutrients. Absorption of water, potassium and sodium. Absorption of iron and vitamin B12.
- 6.6. Energy balance of the body. The quantitative and qualitative requirements of food. The regulation of food intake. Control of body weight.
- 7.1. The hypothalamus-pituitary gland system. Growth hormone and somatomedins.
- 7.2. The function of the adrenal cortex.
- 7.3. Production and effects of thyroid hormones (T3/T4). The regulation of their secretion.
- 7.4. Insulin secretion and the regulation of the secretion. The effects of insulin on the intermediary metabolism. Diabetes mellitus.
- 7.5. Glucagon secretion and the regulation of the secretion. Endocrine mechanisms protecting from hypoglycemia. Endocrine and metabolic changes related to starving and physical exercise
- 7.6A. Calcium metabolism.
- 7.6B. Physiology of bones
- 7.7A. Endocrine physiology of sexual development.
- 7.7B. Male reproductive physiology
- 7.8. Female sexual endocrinology.
- 7.9. Endocrinology of pregnancy, delivery, and lactation.
- 7.10. The function of adrenal medulla. Adaptation to environmental stress.
- 8.1. Physiology of nerve and glia cells.
- 8.2. The somatovisceral Sensory System: properties of the receptors, afferent pathways, role of the thalamus and the cerebral cortex. Tactile sensations.
- 8.3. Physiology of pain sensation.
- 8.4. Physiology of vision.
- 8.4 bonus
- 8.5. Physiology of hearing.
- 8.6A. Physiology of equilibrium.
- 8.6B. The senses of taste and smell.
- 8.5 + 8.6A bonus
- 8.7. Motor functions of the spinal cord. Cord reflexes. Spinal cord transection and spinal shock.
- 8.8. Supraspinal regulation of muscle functions. Postural reflexes.
- 8.9. The role of the cerebellum and basal ganglia in motor functions
- 8.10. Thermoreceptors. Thermoregulation. Regulation of the circulation of the skin.
- 8.11. Electroencephalogram (EEG); sleep phenomena. Learning and memory.
- 8.12. Integration of autonomic responses. Regulation of behavioral mechanisms. Motivation. Emotion.
