Topic 1a - cell structure and cell division ( 3. Cell Differentiation and Specialisation ) Flashcards
what is a specialised cell?
a specialised cell is a cell that performs a specific function. They are designed specifically to help to carry out the task.
what is cell differentiation?
differentiation is the process by which a cell changes into a specialised cell.
what is the difference between the ability to differentiate in animal and plant cells?
in most animal cells, the ability to differentiate is lost after they become specialised. however plant cells never lose this ability.
name the 3 specialised cells in animals and in plants?
animal - sperm, nerve, muscle
plant - root hair, phloem and xylem
function and adaptations of a sperm cell?
sperm cells are specialised for reproduction. function is to get the male DNA to the female DNA.
has a long tail and streamlined head to help it swim to the egg. lots of mitochondria to provide for the cell’s energy. also carries enzymes in its head to digest through the egg membrane.
functions and adaptations of nerve cells?
nerve cells are specialised for rapid signalling. they carry electrical signals from one part of the body to another.
these cells are long and have branched connections at their ends to connect to other nerve cells to form a network through the body.
function and adaptation of muscle cells
muscle cells are specialised for contraction/contract quickly. these cells are long so they have space to contract. they also have loads of mitochondria so they have enough energy for contraction.
function and adaptations of root hair cells
they are on the surface of plant root used to absorb minerals and water.
has big surface area.
function and adaptations of phloem and xylem
specialised for transporting substances. plants form these cells to transport food and water around the plant. cells are long and joined end to end. xylem are very hollow. phloem have few sub cellular structures so substances can flow through them.
