Topic 1a - cell structure and cell division ( 1. Cell structure )

Question 1

define eukaryotic cells?

Answer 1

eukaryotic cells are complex and include all animal and plant cells.

Question 2

define prokaryotic cells?

Answer 2

Prokaryotic cells are smaller and simpler cells e.g. bacteria cells.

Question 3

name all the sub cellular structures of an animal cell?

Answer 3

nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria, ribosomes

Question 4

define the nucleus?

Answer 4

contains genetic material that controls the activities of the cell.

Question 5

define cytoplasm?

Answer 5

a gel-like substance where most chemical reactions happen. It contains enzymes that control these reactions.

Question 6

define mitochondria?

Answer 6

this is where aerobic respiration takes place. Respiration transfers the energy that the cell needs to work.

Question 7

define ribosomes?

Answer 7

these are where proteins are made in the cell. site of protein synthesis

Question 8

name all the sub cellular structures of a plant cell?

Answer 8

nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall, mitochondria, ribosomes, permanent vacuole, chloroplasts.

Question 9

define the cell wall?

Answer 9

a rigid structure made of cellulose. It supports and strengthens the cell.

Question 10

define permanent vacuole?

Answer 10

contains cell sap and a weak solution of sugar.

Question 11

define chloroplasts?

Answer 11

this is where photosynthesis occurs, which makes food for the plant. They contain a green substance called chlorophyll which absorbs the light needed for photosynthesis.

Question 12

what type of cell is a bacteria cell?

Answer 12

prokaryotic

Question 13

sub cellular structures of a bacteria cell?

Answer 13

cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, plasmid, circular strand of DNA

Question 14

what is the circular strand of DNA?

Answer 14

instead of a nucleus the bacteria cell has the strand of DNA that floats freely.

Question 15

what is a plasmid?

Answer 15

A small ring of DNA