Topic 1.2: Muscles Flashcards
Shoulders
- Anterior Deltoid
- Lateral Deltoid
- Posterior Deltoid
Biceps
Biceps Brachii
Chest
Pectoralis Major
Back
- Trapezius
- Latissimus Dorsi
- Erector Spinae
Hamstring
- Biceps femoris
- Semitendinosus
- Semimembranosus
Quads
- Rectus femoris
- Vastus intermedius (underneath)
- Vastus medialis
- Vastus lateralis
Part of Quads
- Iliopsoas
- Sartorius
Calves
- Gastrocnemius
- Soleus
Tricep
Triceps Brachii
Abs
- Rectus Abdominus
- External Obliques
Glutes
Gluteus Maximus
Tibs
Tibialis anterior
Origin
The attachment of a muscle tendon to a stationary bone
Insertion
The attachment of a muscle tendon to a moveable bone
Types of muscles
- Cardiac
- Skelental
- Smooth
Example of Smooth Muscles
Internal organs
Example of Cardiac Muscles
Heart
Example of Skelental Muscles
Biceps Brachii
Structure of Skelental Muscle
- Epimysium
- Perimysium
- Endomysium
- Muscle Fibre
- Myofibril
- Sacromere
- Actin
- Myosin
Epimysium
- 1st layer
- Connective tissue surround muscle
Perimysium
- 2nd layer
- Connective tissue that encloses a bundle of muscle fibers called fascicles
Endomysium
- 3rd layer
- Connective tissue around each muscle fiber
Myofibril
- smaller fibers that are found in a muscle fiber
- contains Actin and Myosin filaments
Sacromere
Muscle cell plasma membrane
Fascicle
Bundle of muscle fibers
Total Muscle
Groups of Fascicle
Outline the general characteristics common to muscle tissue (7)
Contractibility, Excitability, Extensibility, Elasticity, Atrophy, Hypertrophy, Controlled by nerve stimuli and fed by capillaries
Contractibility
- Ability to shorten
- Muscle can ‘contract’ as they shorten, lengthen or stay the same length
Excitability
Ability to receive and respond to stimuli via generation of an electrical pulse which causes contraction of muscle cells
Extensibility
Ability to be stretched beyond the muscles normal length
Elasticity
Ability of a muscle fibre to recoil and resume its resting strength
Atrophy
“Use it or lose it” - Decrease in the mass of muscle tissue
Hypertrophy
Involve an increase in size of skelental muscle through a growth in size
Controlled by nerve ____ and fed by ______
stimuli, capillaries
DOMS
- Hurts for 1-2 days but can last up to 10 days
- Muscle soreness after training
- Sub-cellular damage and inflammation
Function of Muscle
- Skeletal muscles contract, pulling tendons to move bones and joints.
- Shivering generates heat through increased metabolism.
- Postural muscles stabilize and maintain body positions.
- Muscles assist in moving substances within the body
