Topic 1.2: Muscles Flashcards
1
Q
Shoulders
A
- Anterior Deltoid
- Lateral Deltoid
- Posterior Deltoid
2
Q
Biceps
A
Biceps Brachii
3
Q
Chest
A
Pectoralis Major
4
Q
Back
A
- Trapezius
- Latissimus Dorsi
- Erector Spinae
5
Q
Hamstring
A
- Biceps femoris
- Semitendinosus
- Semimembranosus
6
Q
Quads
A
- Rectus femoris
- Vastus intermedius (underneath)
- Vastus medialis
- Vastus lateralis
7
Q
Part of Quads
A
- Iliopsoas
- Sartorius
8
Q
Calves
A
- Gastrocnemius
- Soleus
9
Q
Tricep
A
Triceps Brachii
10
Q
Abs
A
- Rectus Abdominus
- External Obliques
11
Q
Glutes
A
Gluteus Maximus
12
Q
Tibs
A
Tibialis anterior
13
Q
Origin
A
The attachment of a muscle tendon to a stationary bone
14
Q
Insertion
A
The attachment of a muscle tendon to a moveable bone
15
Q
1.2.2. Distinguish between the
different types of muscle.
A
- Skeletal muscle - striated, voluntary, muscles that pull on bones & cause joint movement
- Cardiac muscle - striated, involuntary, the heart (only example)
- Smooth muscle - non-striated, involuntary, move organs
16
Q
Structure of Skelental Muscle
A
- Epimysium
- Perimysium
- Endomysium
- Muscle Fibre
- Myofibril
- Sacromere
- Actin
- Myosin
17
Q
Epimysium
A
- 1st layer
- Connective tissue surround muscle
18
Q
Perimysium
A
- 2nd layer
- Connective tissue that encloses a bundle of muscle fibers called fascicles
19
Q
Endomysium
A
- 3rd layer
- Connective tissue around each muscle fiber
20
Q
Myofibril
A
- smaller fibers that are found in a muscle fiber
- contains Actin and Myosin filaments
21
Q
Sacromere
A
Muscle cell plasma membrane
22
Q
Fascicle
A
Bundle of muscle fibers
23
Q
Total Muscle
A
Groups of Fascicle
24
Q
1.2.1. Outline the general
characteristics common to
muscle tissue.
A
Contractibility, Excitability, Extensibility, Elasticity, Atrophy, Hypertrophy, Controlled by nerve stimuli and fed by capillaries
25
Contractibility
* Ability to shorten
* Muscle can 'contract' as they shorten, lengthen or stay the same length
26
Excitability
Ability to receive and respond to stimuli via generation of an electrical pulse which causes contraction of muscle cells
27
Extensibility
Ability to be stretched beyond the muscles normal length
28
Elasticity
Ability of a muscle fibre to recoil and resume its resting strength
29
Atrophy
"Use it or lose it" - Decrease in the mass of muscle tissue
30
Hypertrophy
Involve an increase in size of skelental muscle through a growth in size
31
Controlled by nerve ____ and fed by ______
stimuli, capillaries
32
DOMS
* Hurts for 1-2 days but can last up to 10 days
* Muscle soreness after training
* **Sub-cellular damage and inflammation**
33
Function of Muscle
* Skeletal muscles contract, pulling tendons to move bones and joints.
* Shivering generates heat through increased metabolism.
* Postural muscles stabilize and maintain body positions.
* Muscles assist in moving substances within the body
