Topic 11: Skill Acquisition and Analysis (HL) Flashcards
11.1.1. Distinguish between traditional and non-linear pedagogy in sports
Traditional:
- Transmission of fixed knowledge from coach to athlete
- Content focused learning
- Coach led learning
- Coach has full responsibility for what, how and when learning takes place
11.1.2. Discuss Newell’s (1986) constraints-led approach to teaching motor skills in physical education
Athlete constraints, Environmental constraints and Task constraints
11.1.3. Suggest how a constraints-led approach to learning a given sport can influence motivation
- Athlete: Minimize the number of rules. For example, in touch rugby, allow forward passes.
- Environment: Limit the space available to participants. For example, in netball, have attackers and defenders in specific zones so hat players focus on their own tasks.
- Task: Modify the equipment so that the activity allows for more success. For example, increase the size of the golf ball (use a tennis ball)
11.1.1. Distinguish between traditional and non-linear pedagogy in sports
Non-linear:
- Occurs in a nonlinear/unpredictable manner with coach and athlete working on the learning together
- High level of collaboration with athlete and coach
- Process-orientated learning
- Development of creativity in athletes
Athlete constraints
- Self-organization
- Movement patterns
- Cognition
- Decision-making
Environmental constraints
- Physical factors: gravity, altitude, light, music or noise, floor space, court surface and net or lines on the area of play
- Social factors: peer pressure, social and cultural expectations
Task constraints
- The goal of the specific task
- Rules on actions or conditions of tasks
- Rules on the equipment used
Notational analysis
The study of movement patterns, strategy and tactics in sports. Successful patterns of play can be identified and used in subsequent matches
11.2.1. Outline the reasons for using notational analysis in physical education and sports
It is primarily used to inform the coaching process, and so improve athlete performance through:
- Providing an objective way of recording performance
- Quantifying performance in a consistent and reliable manner
- Facilitating quantitative and qualitative feedback
11.2.2. List five applications of notation in physical education and sporting context
- Tactical evaluation
- Technical evaluation
- Analysis of movement
- Development of databases and models
- Educational use with teacher/coach and athlete
11.2.3. Distinguish between a phase analysis model and performance outcome model of qualitative biomechanical analysis for an individual sports technique
Descriptive process of dividing up a movement into relevant parts so that attention can be focused on the technique used in each part.
- Preparation
- Retraction
- Action
- Follow-through
11.2.3. Distinguish between a phase analysis model and performance outcome model of qualitative biomechanical analysis for an individual sports technique
Analyse the factors that influence performance
– Speed principles
– Force principles
– Coordination principles
– Specific performance principles
11.2.4. Explain how a flow chart system can be used for match analysis in a team invasion game
Identify:
- The player who has possession
- The location (in the field of play) for a change in possession
- The player who gains possession
- The method of change in possession (for example, tackle or interception)
11.2.5. Suggest how to develop a simple notation system for team games
• Scattergrams
• Frequency tables
• Sequential systems
11.2.6 Outline three examples of the use of digital technology in sports analysis
- Motion tracking and capture devices (for example, Hawkeye, Dartfish)
- Performance-analysis software (for example, Prozone, Coach’s eye)
- Nutrition, fitness and training analysis software (for example, Bodybyte, Myfitnesspal)
11.2.7. Evaluate the use of information technologies in sports analysis for different sports contexts (PROS)
- Provides data not available through traditional methods (e.g., power output in cycling).
- Offers data over various timescales (e.g., ball trajectory tracking).
- Data is objective, accurate, and improves visualization.
- Immediate, efficient, and manageable feedback tailored to individual needs.
- New software technologies are relatively inexpensive
11.2.7. Evaluate the use of information technologies in sports analysis for different sports contexts (CONS)
- Limited availability in many regions.
- Limited use in all situations, for example, during matches or in remote locations.
- May lead to over-reliance on objective data.
