Topic 1.1: Synovial Joints

Question 1

1.1.8. Distinguish between the different
types of joint in relation to movement permitted.

Answer 1

• Synovial - lots of movement, most mobility
• Cartilaginous - limited movement
• Fiberious - no movement

Question 2

1.1.9. Outline the features of a
synovial joint.

Answer 2

Limit to articular cartilage, synovial membrane,
synovial fluid, bursae, meniscus, ligaments and
articular capsule.

Question 3

1.1.10. List the different types of
synovial joints.

Answer 3

1. Hinge
2. Pivot
3. Ball & Socket
4. Condyloid
5. Saddle
6. Plane

Question 4

Hinge joint

Answer 4

• Allows movement on only 1 axis
• Allows FLEXION and EXTENSION
• For example: a door can only open and close/ elbow joint

Question 4

Pivot joint

Answer 4

• Only allow rotation
• Rotates along the long axis
• Have a ring of bone that fits over a bone protrusion, around which it can rotate
• Pronation and Supination
• For example:
• During pronation, the radius rotates over the ulna

Question 5

Ball & Socket joint

Answer 5

• Rounded end of one bone fits inside a cup-shaped ending on another bone
• Allows to move in all axis
• Most mobile joint
• Flexion/Extension, Abduction/Adduction, Rotation/Circumduction
• Example = Shoulder and hip joint

Question 5

Condyloid joint

Answer 5

• Similar to “Ball & Socket”, but instead of a round head, it is oval
• Can only rotate on 2 axis
• Flexion/Extension, Abduction/Adduction, Circumduction
• The oval head can also slides inside the socket
• Example = Wrist joint/Radiocarpal joint

Question 5

Saddle joint

Answer 5

• Similar to Condyloid joint
• Both bone has a concave and convex surface
• Convex = surface sticks out, like a hill
• Concave = surface curves in, like a hole or a cave
• The concave plane of one, fit onto the convex plane of the other
• Flexion/Extension, Adduction/Abduction, Circumduction, and very slightly rotation
• Example = Thumb joint

Question 5

Plane joint

Answer 5

• Two flat surface, one on top of another
• Can glide or rotate
• Often comes in group and ligaments hold the bones together
• Example = Carpals on the hand

Question 6

1.1.4. Draw and annotate the structure
of a long bone

Answer 6

epiphysis, spongy bone, articular cartilage,
diaphysis, compact bone, bone marrow, marrow
cavity, blood vessel and periosteum

Question 7

1.1.7. Define the term joint.

Answer 7

A joint occurs where two or more bones articulate.