Topic 1 Environmental psychology Flashcards
What is the summary of Black and Black?
The aim of Black and Black’s research was to look at the relationship between aircraft noise and well-being for people living in the areas surrounding Sydney Airport, Australia.
The sample of 1500 people were selected from two areas: an area that was exposed to 50 or more daily aircraft noise occurrences above 70 dBs; and an area (South Penrith) 55km from the airport that was not exposed to aircraft noise.
The two areas were matched in relation to their socio-economic status. Questionnaires were sent to participants measuring characteristics including health, hypertension, annoyance from noise, and information to help eliminate extraneous variables such as levels of exercise and smoking status.
There was a response rate of just under 50%. Participants from the noise-exposure group reported significantly higher levels of aircraft noise annoyance, scored significantly lower for general health and mental health, and were 2.74 times more likely to have hypertension than those living in the control area.
What is Glass and Singer about?
They wanted to investigate how noise can cause feelings of stress when doing simple cognitive tasks.
ppts would be asked to complete these tasks while listening to specially prepared recordings that would last for 25 minutes. Volume was 56 or 108 dB and would play for 9 second bursts at regular or irregular intervals. Some people were shown a switch to stop the noise and some were not. They were given 2 tasks to do in silence.
The strongest effect on ppts performance came from noise being unpredictable and perceiving the noise as something they couldn’t control. These factors caused the greatest stress.
What is Kendrick MacFarlane about?
Researched how temp can relate to stress in drivers. 39 male and 36 females driers ranging from 16-65 years old.
Sessions were conducted 15 consecutive Saturdays between 11am and 3pm. Temp was over 32C.
34% of ppts spent 50% of the total green light using their horn. This provides evidence that temperature is an environmental stressor.
What is Lundberg about?
Collected urine samples from male passengers on a commuter train travelling in either high or low density conditions.
The more crowded trains had on average the higher levels of adrenaline in the urine.
The train journey was 72 minutes, Liundberg found that people who boarded the train at the start had lower levels of adrenaline than those who boarded halfway through.
It was suggested that because the first passengers chose where and with whom to sit with made them feel they had some kind of control over the situation.
What is Ellis about?
The aim of rational emotive therapy is to help the client to think rationally about their stress and therefore feel better about their stress and therefore feel better about it. This was done through 5 stages:
-Activating experience
-Irrational beliefs
-Consequences
-Disputing
-Effects of therapy
A= makes you feel _____
B= the beliefs
C= consequences of beliefs
D= therapist disputes the irrational beliefs
E= Individual has new set of rational beliefs and how to deal with them much more effectively.
What are the applications for topic 1 environmental?
-Prevent aircrafts from flying near peoples homes. This could be done by passing legislation that would prevent airplanes from flying near residential areas where people live or they could be only allowed to fly during the hours of 7:00am to 21:00pm. (Black and Black)
-Use a timetable of when there are flight. This would be done by giving residents timetable of when there will be flights, the timetable will be given out by mail or emails and this would provide the residents with the information. (Glass and Singer)
Use equipment to help soundproof homes and buildings. This would be done by giving residents more insulation and other sound absorbing equipment to reduce the noise. (Black and Black)
