Inferential Statistics Flashcards
what are inferential statistics?
they help us infer meaning from the data ie they help draw conclusions and make predictions
why does psychology use statistical tests?
to test the probability that an event occurs due to chance
what does p ≤ 0.05 mean?
means that there is a 5% chance that the results happened due to change
it is the standard p value in psychology
what does p ≤ 0.01 mean?
there is a 1% chance that the results happened due to chance
you may decrease the p value for new medicine tests etc
what is a type 1 error?
if you accept your alternate hypothesis when you should have accepted the null it is a type 1 error
is a false positive
what is a type 2 error?
if you accept your null hypothesis when you should have accepted the alternate hypothesis it is a type 2 error
is a false negative
when do you use a chi-squared test?
when the data is nominal and it is an independent measures design
when do you use a mann-whitney U test?
when the data is ordinal or interval and the design is independent measures
when do you use a binomial sign test?
when the data is nominal and the design is repeated measures/matched pairs
when do you use Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test?
when the data is ordinal/interval and the design is Repeated Measures/ Matched Pairs
when do you use a Spearman’s Rho test?
when you have a correlation (with ordinal/interval data)
what is your observed value?
is the value from your data
what is a critical value?
found in a critical values table.
you can compare your observed value to this to see if your result is significant
in which stats tests does the observed/calculated value need to be less than the critical value to be significant?
binomial sign test
wilcoxon signed ranks
mann whitney u
in which stats tests dies the observed value need to be more than the critical value to be significant?
chi squared
spearmans rho