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NAPLEX Prep > Top Drugs 1 > Flashcards

Top Drugs 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Ziagen

A

Abacavir
Class: Nucleoside/Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NRTI)
Use: HIV
MOA: inhibits reverse transcriptase enzyme at stage 3 of the HIV life cycle
Warning:
- lactic acidosis
- hepatomegaly w/ steatosis
- inc risk of MI in CKD
ADE:
- nausea, diarrhea, HA, inc LFTs
Notes:
- available as once & twice daily regimens
- screen for HLA-B*5701 before starting (inc risk of HSR)

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2
Q

Epzicom

A

Abacavir / Lamivudine
Class: NRTI
MOA: inhibits reverse transcriptase at stage 3 of HIV life cycle
Use: HIV
Warning:
- Lactic acidosis
- Hepatomegaly w/ steatosis
- inc MI risk in CKD
Notes:
- available in once & twice daily formulations
- screen for HLA-B*5701 prior to starting (inc risk of HSA)

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3
Q

Tylenol

A

Acetaminophen
Use: pain/fever
Notes:

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4
Q

Tylenol with Codeine #3 & #4

A

Acetaminophen / Codeine
Use: pain
Notes:

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5
Q

Zovirax

A

Acyclovir
Use: Herpes (simplex/zoster), Varicella, Cytomegalovirus
Caution in:
- renal impairment
- elderly patients
- co-ad with other nephrotoxic drugs
Notes: oral, buccal, inj, topical
- IBW for dosing (inc obese pts)

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6
Q

Differin

A

Adapalene
Class: topical retinoid
Use: Acne, Rosacea
Admin: pea-sized amount nightly, 20 min after washing face
- if irritation occurs -> lower strength or every other night app
ADE:
- photosensitivity
Notes:
- avoid in pregnancy
- may worsen acne initially
- 4-12 weeks to effect

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7
Q

ProAir, Proventil, Ventolin

A

Albuterol
Class: SABA
Use: Asthma/COPD
Formulations: MDI & DPI
Admin: 1-2 inh Q4-6H PRN
ADE:
- nervousness
- tremor
- tachycardia
- palpitations
- cough
- hyperglycemia
- dec potassium levels
Notes:
- MDI (HFA products): shake well
- most contain 200 inh/canister (except Ventolin -> 200 & 60 inh/canister products)

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8
Q

Combivent Respimat

A

Generic: Albuterol / Ipratropium
Use: Asthma / COPD
Warnings: caution in pts w/
- narrow angle glaucoma
- myasthenia gravis
- urinary retention or BPH
ADE: dry mouth, URIs, bitter taste
Notes: MDI (shake prior to use)

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9
Q

Fosamax

A

Generic: Alendronate
Use: Osteoporosis (prevention & treatment)
CI:
- hypocalcemia
- inability to sit upright for 30 min
- CrCl < 35
ADE:
- ONJ
- Femur fractures
- dyspepsia, N/V
- hypocalcemia
Notes: take at least 30 min before breakfast with 6-8oz of water, then remain upright for 30 min
Separate from Ca, antacids, Mg, & Fe by at least 2 hours

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10
Q

Zyloprim (PO), Aloprim (inj)

A

Generic: Allopurinol
Class: Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor -> decreases uric acid production
Use: Gout
CI: HLA-B*5801 positive (SJS/TENS risk)
Warning: Hepatotoxicity
ADE: rash, acute gout attacks, nausea
Notes: due to high rate of gout attacks at beginning of treatment, take with colchicine or NSAID for first 3-6 months

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11
Q

Xanax

A

Generic: Alprazolam
Class: Benzodiazepine
Use: Anxiety
BW:
- use w/ opioids inc sedation, resp depression, & death
- addiction risk
- taper slowly to avoid withdrawal sx
CI: severe liver disease
Warnings: avoid in pregnancy (birth defects & neonatal withdrawal syndrome)
ADE: drowsiness, dizziness
Notes:
- C4
- antidote -> flumazenil

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12
Q

Entereg

A

Generic: Alvimopan
Class: Peripherally acting Mu opioid receptor antagonist (PAMORA)
Use: decrease risk of post-op ileus
BW: MI risk with long term use
CI: therapeutic doses of opioids for > 7 consecutive days immediately prior to use
Notes: maximum 15 doses

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13
Q

Pacerone (oral), Nexterone (injection)

A

Generic: Amiodarone
Use: rate/rhythm control
BW:
- Pulmonary toxicity (baseline CXR & PFTs)
- Hepatotoxicity
- Proarrhythmic; must be hospitalized for IV loading dose
CI: iodine hypersensitivity, heart block (unless using artificial pacemaker)
Warnings: hypothyroidism, visual impairment, photosensitivity (slate-blue skin discoloration), peripheral neuropathy, SJS/TEN
ADE: Hypotension, bradycardia, corneal microdeposits, photosensitivity
Notes:
- drug of choice in heart failure
- avoid in pregnancy/BF if possible
- Infusions > 2hrs use Non-PVC containers (tubing is ok)
- use 0.22 micron filter
- incompatible with heparin (saline flush)
- many y-site incompatibilities

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14
Q

Elavil, Vanatrip

A

Generic: Amitriptyline
Class: TCA
Use: Depression, Migraine pain
CI:
- use with MAOi’s, linezolid, IV methylene blue
- MI
ADE: QT prolongation w/ overdose, orthostasis, tachycardia, anticholinergic ADEs, weight gain, sedation
Notes: Beer’s list

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15
Q

Norvasc

A

Generic: Amlodipine
Class: DHP CCB
Use: HTN
Warning: Hypotension, caution in heart failure
ADE:
- peripheral edema/HA/flushing/palpitations
- gingival hyperplasia
Notes: safest DHP CCB in HFrEF

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16
Q

Lotrel

A

Generic: Amlodipine / Benazepril
Use: HTN
Notes: see amlodipine & benazepril details

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17
Q

Amoxicillin

A

Brand name: Amoxil
Class: aminopenicillin
Coverage: Gram + & some Gram - (H. influenzae, Salmonella, Shigella)
CI: ER formulations if CrCl < 30
ADE: seizure (with accumulation), GI upset, rash, hemolytic anemia

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18
Q

Prevpac

A

Generic: Amoxicillin / Clarithromycin / Lansoprazole
Use: H. Pylori infection
See notes on individual meds

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19
Q

Augmentin

A

Generic: Amoxicillin / Clavulanate
Use: antibiotic
Coverage: Gram + (MSSA, Strep), Gram - (E coli, Proteus, Klebsiella)
ADE: seizure (w/ accumulation), GI upset, diarrhea, rash, hemolytic anemia
Notes: do not use ER formulations if CrCl < 30

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20
Q

Adderall, Mydayis

A

Generic: Amphetamine / Dextroamphetamine
Use: ADHD, narcolepsy
Boxed warnings:
- misuse can cause sudden death and serious CV events
Notes: do not take w/ acidic foods or juices (dec absorption)

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21
Q

Principen

A

Generic: Ampicillin
Use: Antibiotic
Coverage:
-Gram + : strep
- Gram - : E Coli, Proteus, N meningitidis
ADE: seizure (w/ accumulation, GI upset, diarrhea, rash, hemolytic anemia
Notes
- PO poor bioavailability
- IV diluted in NS only

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22
Q

Arimidex

A

Generic: Anastrazole
Use: Breast Cancer
CI: pregnancy
ADE: Hot flashes/night sweats, arthralgia/myalgia, dec BMD, CVD risk

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23
Q

Apixaban

A

Brand name: Eliquis
Use: Anticoagulant
Notes:

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24
Q

Aprepitant

A

Brand name: Emend
Use: Antiemetic
Notes:

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25
Q

Aripiprazole

A

Brand name: Abilify
Use: Second gen antipsychotic
Notes:

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26
Q

Atazanavir

A

Brand name: Reyataz
Use: HIV
Notes:

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27
Q

Atenolol

A

Brand name: Tenormin
Use: HTN, rate control, MI
Notes:

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28
Q

Atenolol / Chlorthalidone

A

Brand name: Tenoretic
Use: HTN
Notes:

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29
Q

Atomoxetine

A

Brand name: Strattera
Use: ADHD, orthostatic hypotension (off label)
Notes: SNRI

30
Q

Atorvastatin

A

Brand name: Lipitor
Use: high cholesterol
Notes:

31
Q

Azelastine

A

Brand name: Astepro (nasal), Generics
Use: allergic rhinitis
Notes: antihistamine

32
Q

Azithromycin

A

Brand name: Zithromax (oral, inj), Z-pak (oral)
Class: macrolide antibiotic
Coverage:
- Gram +: MSSA, Strep
- Gram- : N meningitidis
- Atypicals: (ex. Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamidophila pneumoniae, Legionella spp.)

33
Q

Bacitracin / Neomycin / Polymyxin B / Hydrocortisone

A

Brand name: Cortisporin (topical)
Use: antibiotic
Notes:

34
Q

Baclofen

A

Brand name: Lioresal (intrathecal), generics (oral)
Use: skeletal muscle relaxant
Notes:

35
Q

Beclomethasone

A

Brand name: QVAR RediHaler
Use: Asthma
Notes:

36
Q

Benazepril

A

Brand name: Lotensin
Use: HTN
Notes:

37
Q

Benzonatate

A

Brand name: Tessalon Perles
Use: Antitussive
Notes:

38
Q

Benztropine

A

Brand name: Cogentin
Use: Parkinson’s treatment
Notes: Anticholinergic

39
Q

Betamethasone dipropionate

A

Brand name: Diprolene Cream AF (topical)
Use: corticosteroid
Notes: high - very high strength

40
Q

Betamethasone / Clotrimazole

A

Brand name: Lotrisone (topical)
Use: fungal infections
Notes:

41
Q

Bictegravir / Emtricitabine / Tenofovir alafenamide

A

Brand name: Bictarvy
Use: HIV
Notes:

42
Q

Bimatoprost

A

Brand name: Lumigan, Latisse (ophthalmic)
Use: Glaucoma
Notes:

43
Q

Bismuth / Metronidazole / Tetracycline

A

Brand name: Pylera
Use: H. Pylori
Notes:

44
Q

Bisoprolol / Hydrochlorothiazide

A

Brand name: Ziac
Use: HTN
Notes:

45
Q

Brompheniramine / Pseudoephedrine / Dextromethorphan

A

Brand name: Bromfed DM
Use: Cough & URI symptoms
Notes:

46
Q

Budesonide

A

Brand name: Pulmicort (inhalation), Enterocort EC, Uceris (PO)
Use: COPD, Crohn’s, Ulcerative Colitis
Notes:

47
Q

Budesonide / Formoterol

A

Brand name: Symbicort
Use: Asthma, COPD
Notes:

48
Q

Bumetanide

A

Brand name: Bumex (oral), Generics (injection)
Class: loop diuretic
Notes:

49
Q

Buprenorphine

A

Brand name: Belbuca (buccal film), Butrans (patch)
Use: Opioid use disorder, pain management
Notes:

50
Q

Buprenorphine / Naloxone

A

Brand name: Suboxone (SL film), Zubsolv (SL tablet)
Use: Opioid use disorder
Notes:

51
Q

Bupropion

A

Brand name: Wellbutrin
Use: Antidepressant
Notes:

52
Q

Buspirone

A

Brand name: Buspar
Use: GAD
Notes:

53
Q

Butoconazole

A

Brand name: Gynaxole-1 (topical)
Use: vaginal yeast infections
Notes:

54
Q

Calcitonin

A

Brand name: Miacalcin (inj), Generics (nasal)
Use: Osteoporosis, hypercalcemia (inj only)
Notes:

55
Q

Canagliflozin

A

Brand name: Invokana
Use: Diabetes
Notes: SGLT2i

56
Q

Canagliflozin / Metformin

A

Brand name: Invokamet
Use: Diabetes
Notes:

57
Q

Capecitabine

A

Brand name: Xeloda
Use: cancer (breast, cholorectal, gastric, pancreatic)
Notes:

58
Q

Carbamazepine

A

Brand name: Tegretol
Use: Bipolar disorder, seizures, neuropathic pain
Notes:

59
Q

Carbidopa / Levodopa

A

Brand name: Sinemet
Use: Parkinson’s disease
Notes:

60
Q

Carisoprodol

A

Brand name: Soma
Use: skeletal muscle relaxant
Notes:

61
Q

Carvedilol

A

Brand name: Coreg
Use: HTN
Notes:

62
Q

Cefdinir

A

Brand name: Omnicef
Class: third gen cephalosporin
coverage: broad, many gram + (not MRSA), most gram -, some anaerobes

63
Q

Cefuroxime

A

Brand name: Generics (PO, inj), Zinacef (PO)
Class: 2nd gen cephalosporin
Coverage: Gram + (except MRSA & Enterococci), Gram- , Anaerobes

64
Q

Celecoxib

A

Brand name: Celebrex
Use: Pain relief
Notes:

65
Q

Cephalexin

A

Brand name: Keflex
Class: 1st gen cephalosporin
Coverage: Gram + (no MRSA), Gram - (no pseud)

66
Q

Chlorpheniramine/Hydrocodone

A

Brand name: TussiCaps
Use: cough
Notes:

67
Q

Chlorthalidone

A

Brand name: generics, Thalitone
Use: HTN
Notes: thiazide-like diuretic

68
Q

Cholecalciferol

A

Brand name: generics
Use: Vitamin D deficiency
Notes: vit D3

69
Q

Cinacalcet

A

Brand name: Sensipar
Use: hyperparathyroidism treatment, hypercalcemia treatment
Notes: decreases secretion of PTH -> decrease in serum calcium

70
Q

Ciprofloxacin

A

Brand name: Cipro (oral), generics (inj)
Class: fluoroquinolone abx
Coverage: Strep, Gram -‘s

NAPLEX Prep (40 decks)

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