Top Drugs 1 Flashcards by Marissa Hovey

Ziagen

Abacavir
Class: Nucleoside/Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NRTI)
Use: HIV
MOA: inhibits reverse transcriptase enzyme at stage 3 of the HIV life cycle
Warning:
- lactic acidosis
- hepatomegaly w/ steatosis
- inc risk of MI in CKD
ADE:
- nausea, diarrhea, HA, inc LFTs
Notes:
- available as once & twice daily regimens
- screen for HLA-B*5701 before starting (inc risk of HSR)

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Epzicom

Abacavir / Lamivudine
Class: NRTI
MOA: inhibits reverse transcriptase at stage 3 of HIV life cycle
Use: HIV
Warning:
- Lactic acidosis
- Hepatomegaly w/ steatosis
- inc MI risk in CKD
Notes:
- available in once & twice daily formulations
- screen for HLA-B*5701 prior to starting (inc risk of HSA)

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Tylenol

Acetaminophen
Use: pain/fever
Notes:

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Tylenol with Codeine #3 & #4

Acetaminophen / Codeine
Use: pain
Notes:

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Zovirax

Acyclovir
Use: Herpes (simplex/zoster), Varicella, Cytomegalovirus
Caution in:
- renal impairment
- elderly patients
- co-ad with other nephrotoxic drugs
Notes: oral, buccal, inj, topical
- IBW for dosing (inc obese pts)

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Differin

Adapalene
Class: topical retinoid
Use: Acne, Rosacea
Admin: pea-sized amount nightly, 20 min after washing face
- if irritation occurs -> lower strength or every other night app
ADE:
- photosensitivity
Notes:
- avoid in pregnancy
- may worsen acne initially
- 4-12 weeks to effect

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ProAir, Proventil, Ventolin

Albuterol
Class: SABA
Use: Asthma/COPD
Formulations: MDI & DPI
Admin: 1-2 inh Q4-6H PRN
ADE:
- nervousness
- tremor
- tachycardia
- palpitations
- cough
- hyperglycemia
- dec potassium levels
Notes:
- MDI (HFA products): shake well
- most contain 200 inh/canister (except Ventolin -> 200 & 60 inh/canister products)

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Combivent Respimat

Generic: Albuterol / Ipratropium
Use: Asthma / COPD
Warnings: caution in pts w/
- narrow angle glaucoma
- myasthenia gravis
- urinary retention or BPH
ADE: dry mouth, URIs, bitter taste
Notes: MDI (shake prior to use)

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Fosamax

Generic: Alendronate
Use: Osteoporosis (prevention & treatment)
CI:
- hypocalcemia
- inability to sit upright for 30 min
- CrCl < 35
ADE:
- ONJ
- Femur fractures
- dyspepsia, N/V
- hypocalcemia
Notes: take at least 30 min before breakfast with 6-8oz of water, then remain upright for 30 min
Separate from Ca, antacids, Mg, & Fe by at least 2 hours

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Zyloprim (PO), Aloprim (inj)

Generic: Allopurinol
Class: Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor -> decreases uric acid production
Use: Gout
CI: HLA-B*5801 positive (SJS/TENS risk)
Warning: Hepatotoxicity
ADE: rash, acute gout attacks, nausea
Notes: due to high rate of gout attacks at beginning of treatment, take with colchicine or NSAID for first 3-6 months

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Xanax

Generic: Alprazolam
Class: Benzodiazepine
Use: Anxiety
BW:
- use w/ opioids inc sedation, resp depression, & death
- addiction risk
- taper slowly to avoid withdrawal sx
CI: severe liver disease
Warnings: avoid in pregnancy (birth defects & neonatal withdrawal syndrome)
ADE: drowsiness, dizziness
Notes:
- C4
- antidote -> flumazenil

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Entereg

Generic: Alvimopan
Class: Peripherally acting Mu opioid receptor antagonist (PAMORA)
Use: decrease risk of post-op ileus
BW: MI risk with long term use
CI: therapeutic doses of opioids for > 7 consecutive days immediately prior to use
Notes: maximum 15 doses

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Pacerone (oral), Nexterone (injection)

Generic: Amiodarone
Use: rate/rhythm control
BW:
- Pulmonary toxicity (baseline CXR & PFTs)
- Hepatotoxicity
- Proarrhythmic; must be hospitalized for IV loading dose
CI: iodine hypersensitivity, heart block (unless using artificial pacemaker)
Warnings: hypothyroidism, visual impairment, photosensitivity (slate-blue skin discoloration), peripheral neuropathy, SJS/TEN
ADE: Hypotension, bradycardia, corneal microdeposits, photosensitivity
Notes:
- drug of choice in heart failure
- avoid in pregnancy/BF if possible
- Infusions > 2hrs use Non-PVC containers (tubing is ok)
- use 0.22 micron filter
- incompatible with heparin (saline flush)
- many y-site incompatibilities

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Elavil, Vanatrip

Generic: Amitriptyline
Class: TCA
Use: Depression, Migraine pain
CI:
- use with MAOi’s, linezolid, IV methylene blue
- MI
ADE: QT prolongation w/ overdose, orthostasis, tachycardia, anticholinergic ADEs, weight gain, sedation
Notes: Beer’s list

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Norvasc

Generic: Amlodipine
Class: DHP CCB
Use: HTN
Warning: Hypotension, caution in heart failure
ADE:
- peripheral edema/HA/flushing/palpitations
- gingival hyperplasia
Notes: safest DHP CCB in HFrEF

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Lotrel

Generic: Amlodipine / Benazepril
Use: HTN
Notes: see amlodipine & benazepril details

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Amoxicillin

Brand name: Amoxil
Class: aminopenicillin
Coverage: Gram + & some Gram - (H. influenzae, Salmonella, Shigella)
CI: ER formulations if CrCl < 30
ADE: seizure (with accumulation), GI upset, rash, hemolytic anemia

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Prevpac

Generic: Amoxicillin / Clarithromycin / Lansoprazole
Use: H. Pylori infection
See notes on individual meds

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Augmentin

Generic: Amoxicillin / Clavulanate
Use: antibiotic
Coverage: Gram + (MSSA, Strep), Gram - (E coli, Proteus, Klebsiella)
ADE: seizure (w/ accumulation), GI upset, diarrhea, rash, hemolytic anemia
Notes: do not use ER formulations if CrCl < 30

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Adderall, Mydayis

Generic: Amphetamine / Dextroamphetamine
Use: ADHD, narcolepsy
Boxed warnings:
- misuse can cause sudden death and serious CV events
Notes: do not take w/ acidic foods or juices (dec absorption)

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Principen

Generic: Ampicillin
Use: Antibiotic
Coverage:
-Gram + : strep
- Gram - : E Coli, Proteus, N meningitidis
ADE: seizure (w/ accumulation, GI upset, diarrhea, rash, hemolytic anemia
Notes
- PO poor bioavailability
- IV diluted in NS only

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Arimidex

Generic: Anastrazole
Use: Breast Cancer
CI: pregnancy
ADE: Hot flashes/night sweats, arthralgia/myalgia, dec BMD, CVD risk

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Apixaban

Brand name: Eliquis
Use: Anticoagulant
Notes:

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Aprepitant

Brand name: Emend
Use: Antiemetic
Notes:

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Aripiprazole

Brand name: Abilify Use: Second gen antipsychotic Notes:

Atazanavir

Brand name: Reyataz Use: HIV Notes:

Atenolol

Brand name: Tenormin Use: HTN, rate control, MI Notes:

Atenolol / Chlorthalidone

Brand name: Tenoretic Use: HTN Notes:

Atomoxetine

Brand name: Strattera Use: ADHD, orthostatic hypotension (off label) Notes: SNRI

Atorvastatin

Brand name: Lipitor Use: high cholesterol Notes:

Azelastine

Brand name: Astepro (nasal), Generics Use: allergic rhinitis Notes: antihistamine

Azithromycin

Brand name: Zithromax (oral, inj), Z-pak (oral) Class: macrolide antibiotic Coverage: - Gram +: MSSA, Strep - Gram- : N meningitidis - Atypicals: (ex. Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamidophila pneumoniae, Legionella spp.)

Bacitracin / Neomycin / Polymyxin B / Hydrocortisone

Brand name: Cortisporin (topical) Use: antibiotic Notes:

Baclofen

Brand name: Lioresal (intrathecal), generics (oral) Use: skeletal muscle relaxant Notes:

Beclomethasone

Brand name: QVAR RediHaler Use: Asthma Notes:

Benazepril

Brand name: Lotensin Use: HTN Notes:

Benzonatate

Brand name: Tessalon Perles Use: Antitussive Notes:

Benztropine

Brand name: Cogentin Use: Parkinson's treatment Notes: Anticholinergic

Betamethasone dipropionate

Brand name: Diprolene Cream AF (topical) Use: corticosteroid Notes: high - very high strength

Betamethasone / Clotrimazole

Brand name: Lotrisone (topical) Use: fungal infections Notes:

Bictegravir / Emtricitabine / Tenofovir alafenamide

Brand name: Bictarvy Use: HIV Notes:

Bimatoprost

Brand name: Lumigan, Latisse (ophthalmic) Use: Glaucoma Notes:

Bismuth / Metronidazole / Tetracycline

Brand name: Pylera Use: H. Pylori Notes:

Bisoprolol / Hydrochlorothiazide

Brand name: Ziac Use: HTN Notes:

Brompheniramine / Pseudoephedrine / Dextromethorphan

Brand name: Bromfed DM Use: Cough & URI symptoms Notes:

Budesonide

Brand name: Pulmicort (inhalation), Enterocort EC, Uceris (PO) Use: COPD, Crohn's, Ulcerative Colitis Notes:

Budesonide / Formoterol

Brand name: Symbicort Use: Asthma, COPD Notes:

Bumetanide

Brand name: Bumex (oral), Generics (injection) Class: loop diuretic Notes:

Buprenorphine

Brand name: Belbuca (buccal film), Butrans (patch) Use: Opioid use disorder, pain management Notes:

Buprenorphine / Naloxone

Brand name: Suboxone (SL film), Zubsolv (SL tablet) Use: Opioid use disorder Notes:

Bupropion

Brand name: Wellbutrin Use: Antidepressant Notes:

Buspirone

Brand name: Buspar Use: GAD Notes:

Butoconazole

Brand name: Gynaxole-1 (topical) Use: vaginal yeast infections Notes:

Calcitonin

Brand name: Miacalcin (inj), Generics (nasal) Use: Osteoporosis, hypercalcemia (inj only) Notes:

Canagliflozin

Brand name: Invokana Use: Diabetes Notes: SGLT2i

Canagliflozin / Metformin

Brand name: Invokamet Use: Diabetes Notes:

Capecitabine

Brand name: Xeloda Use: cancer (breast, cholorectal, gastric, pancreatic) Notes:

Carbamazepine

Brand name: Tegretol Use: Bipolar disorder, seizures, neuropathic pain Notes:

Carbidopa / Levodopa

Brand name: Sinemet Use: Parkinson's disease Notes:

Carisoprodol

Brand name: Soma Use: skeletal muscle relaxant Notes:

Carvedilol

Brand name: Coreg Use: HTN Notes:

Cefdinir

Brand name: Omnicef Class: third gen cephalosporin coverage: broad, many gram + (not MRSA), most gram -, some anaerobes

Cefuroxime

Brand name: Generics (PO, inj), Zinacef (PO) Class: 2nd gen cephalosporin Coverage: Gram + (except MRSA & Enterococci), Gram- , Anaerobes

Celecoxib

Brand name: Celebrex Use: Pain relief Notes:

Cephalexin

Brand name: Keflex Class: 1st gen cephalosporin Coverage: Gram + (no MRSA), Gram - (no pseud)

Chlorpheniramine/Hydrocodone

Brand name: TussiCaps Use: cough Notes:

Chlorthalidone

Brand name: generics, Thalitone Use: HTN Notes: thiazide-like diuretic

Cholecalciferol

Brand name: generics Use: Vitamin D deficiency Notes: vit D3

Cinacalcet

Brand name: Sensipar Use: hyperparathyroidism treatment, hypercalcemia treatment Notes: decreases secretion of PTH -> decrease in serum calcium

Ciprofloxacin

Brand name: Cipro (oral), generics (inj) Class: fluoroquinolone abx Coverage: Strep, Gram -'s