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NAPLEX Prep > GI drugs > Flashcards

GI drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Tums

A

Antacid
Calcium carbonate

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2
Q

Mylanta supreme

A

Antacid
Calcium carbonate + magnesium
Not recommended if CrCl < 30

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3
Q

Maalox Advanced Maximum Strength

A

Antacid
Calcium carbonate + simethicone

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4
Q

Milk of Magnesia

A

Antacid, Osmotic Laxative
Magnesium hydroxide
Not recommended if CrCl < 30

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5
Q

Mylanta Maximum Strength

A

Antacid
Magnesium hydroxide + aluminum + simethicone
Not recommended if CrCl < 30

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6
Q

Alka-Seltzer

A

Antacid
Sodium bicarbonate / Aspirin / Citric acid

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7
Q

Calcium ADE

A

Constipation
Bloating
Belching

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8
Q

Aluminum ADE

A

Constipation
Hypophosphatemia

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9
Q

Magnesium ADE

A

Loose stools

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10
Q

Zantac

A

H2RA
Ranitidine

Unique ADE:
- increased ALT

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11
Q

Pepcid

A

H2RA
Famotidine

Unique ADE:
- QT prolongation with renal dysfunction

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12
Q

H2RAs Class Attributes

A

Onset: within 1 hour
Duration: 4-10 hours
Warnings:
- Confusion
- B12 deficiency with chronic use
ADE:
- generally well tolerated
- CNS effects
Reduce dose at CrCl < 50
Take PRN for acute treatment
Take 60 min before meal for prophylaxis

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13
Q

Dexilant

A

PPI
Dexlansoprazole
take without regard to meals

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14
Q

Nexium

A

PPI
Esomeprazole

IV formulation available

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15
Q

Prevacid

A

PPI
Lansoprazole

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16
Q

Prilosec

A

PPI
Omeprazole

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17
Q

Protonix

A

PPI
Pantoprazole
Admin:
- tablet -> w/o regard to meals
- suspension -> 30 min before meal

IV formulation available
- ADE: thrombophlebitis, SJS/TENs risk

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18
Q

PPI Class Attributes

A

Onset: 1-2 hrs
Duration: > 24 hrs
ADE (mild & infrequent):
- HA
- Nausea
- Dizziness
Admin:
- take 30-60 min before breakfast (& dinner if BID)

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19
Q

Drugs that worsen GERD

A

Aspirin/NSAIDs
Bisphosphonates
Estrogen products
NRT
Steroids
Tetracyclines
Fish oil
Iron supplements

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20
Q

DDI: Acid suppressing agents decrease the absorption of…

A

Antiretrovirals
Antivirals
Azole antifungals
Cephalosporins
Iron products
Mesalamine
Risperidone
TKIs

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21
Q

DDI: antacids bind…

A

antiretrovirals
bisphosphonates
isoniazid
mycophenolate
quinolones
sotalol
steroids (esp budesonide)
tetracyclines
thyroid products

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22
Q

Miralax

A

PEG 3350
Osmotic laxative

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23
Q

FiberCon

A

Calcium Polycarbophil
Bulk-forming laxative

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24
Q

Metamucil

A

Psyllium
bulk- forming laxative

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25
Q

Citrucel

A

Methylcellulose
Bulk-forming laxative

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26
Q

Colace

A

Docusate
Stool softener

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27
Q

Ex-Lax, Senakot

A

Senna
Stimulant laxative

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28
Q

Dulcolax

A

Bisacodyl
Stimulant laxative

29
Q

Bentyl

A

Dicyclomine
Anticholinergic agent
used for cramps
Warnings:
- anticholinergic -> Beer’s list
- caution in UC (risk of toxic megacolon or paralytic ileus)

30
Q

Amitiza

A

Lubiprostone
Chloride channel activator
Use: IBS-C, CIC, OIC
ADE: nausea
DDI:
- methadone decreases effects of lubiprostone -> consider alternate OIC agent

31
Q

Linzess

A

Linaclotide
Use: IBS-C, CIC
Boxed warning: can cause severe dehydration in pediatric patients -> do not use
ADE: diarrhea
Admin: swallow whole or mix capsule contents with applesauce or room temp water (swallow immediately)

32
Q

Trulance

A

Plecanatide
FDA approved for IBS-C

33
Q

Pepto-Bismol

A

Bismuth subsalicylate
Anti-diarrheal
Boxed warnings:
- salicylate allergy
- taking other salicylates
- GI ulcer or bleeding
Warning: children and teenagers recovering from viral infections should not use due to Reye’s syndrome
ADE:
- Black tongue/stool
- salicylate toxicity (tinnitus)
- nausea

34
Q

Imodium

A

Loperamide
Anti-diarrheal
Boxed warnings:
- cardiac arrest & sudden death with higher than recommended doses
- do not use in children < 2y
CI:
- acute dysentery (bloody diarrhea + fever)
- pseudomembranous colitis
- bacterial enterocolitis
ADE: constipation
Notes:
- do not use > 48 hrs
- can be abused for mild opioid-like high in large doses

35
Q

Xyfaxan

A

Rifaximin
Use: IBS-D
costly
high risk of relapse

36
Q

Lotronex

A

Alosetron
Class: 5HT-3 RA
Use: IBS-D
approved for women only
use restricted due to risk of ischemic colitis

37
Q

Lomotil

A

Diphenoxylate / Atropine
Antidiarrheal
CI:
- do not use liquid in children < 2y or tablets in children < 6y d/t risk of severe CNS depression
- C diff associated diarrhea
ADE:
- diphenoxylate -> euphoria
- atropine -> anticholinergic effects
Notes:
- liquid formulation is recommended for patients 2-13 yrs

38
Q

Rayos

A

Prednisone
Systemic steroid

39
Q

Entocort

A

Budesonide
Systemic steroid
CD

40
Q

Uceris

A

Budesonide
Systemic steroid
UC

41
Q

Azasan, Imuran

A

Azathioprine
Class: Thiopurine

42
Q

Purixan

A

Mercaptopurine
Class: Thiopurine

43
Q

Asacol

A

Mesalamine, 5-ASA
Aminosalicylate
PO formulation

44
Q

Canasa

A

Mesalamine, 5-ASA
Aminosalicylate
Suppository
for distal UC only

45
Q

Rowasa

A

Mesalamine, 5-ASA
Aminosalicylate
Enema
for distal UC only

46
Q

Cimiza

A

Certolizumab
Anti-TNF
CD only

47
Q

Simponi

A

Golimumab
Anti-TNF
UC only

48
Q

Humira

A

Adalimumab
anti-TNF
CD & UC

49
Q

Remicade, Inflectra, Renflexis

A

Infliximab
anti-TNF
CD & UC

50
Q

Stelara

A

Ustekinumab
interleukin inhibitor
CD

51
Q

Xeljanz

A

Tofacitinib
Janice kinase inhibitor
UC

52
Q

Trexall

A

Methotrexate
Antineoplastic, Antifolate
CD

53
Q

Gengraf, Neoral, SandIMMUNE

A

Cyclosporine
Calcineurin inhibitor
UC

54
Q

Entyvio

A

Vedolizumab
Integrin receptor agonist
CD & UC

55
Q

Tysabri

A

Natalizumab
Integrin receptor agonist
CD

56
Q

Benadryl

A

Diphenhydramine
Antihistamine

57
Q

Bonine

A

Meclizine
Antihistamine

58
Q

Dramamine

A

Dimenhydrinate
Antihistamine

59
Q

Marizine, Marzine, Emoquil

A

Cyclizine
Antihistamine

60
Q

Transderm Scop

A

Scopolamine patch
anticholinergic agent
Use: motion sickness, nausea caused by surgery

61
Q

Entereg

A

Alvimopan
Class: peripherally acting mu-opioid receptor antagonist
Use: reduce risk of post-op ileus
Boxed warning: risk of MI with long-term use (maximum duration 15 days, REMS)
Contraindication: > 7 consecutive days of opioid use immediately prior to use

62
Q

Relistor

A

Methylnaltrexone
Class: PAMORA
Use: OIC

63
Q

Movantik

A

Naloxegol
Class: PAMORA
Use: OIC

64
Q

Drugs that cause constipation

A

Antacids (Al & Ca containing)
Antidiarrheals
Clonidine
Colesevelam
Anticholinergics
Iron
Opioids
Sucralfate

65
Q

Drugs that cause diarrhea

A

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (eg donepezil)
Antacids (Mg containing)
Antibiotics
Antidiabetics
Antineoplastics
Colchicine
Laxatives
Misoprostol
Mycophenolate
Prokinetic drugs (metoclopramide, cisapride)
Protease inhibitors (esp nelfinavir)
Quinidine
Roflumilast

66
Q

Side effects of long term PPI use

A

C diff
Osteoporosis-related fractures
Hypomagnesemia
Vitamin B12 deficiency

67
Q

Pylera

A

Bismuth subsalicylate + Metronidazole + Tetracycline
Used with BID PPI for H. pylori PUD
Admin: QID
CI:
- alcohol use (do not use metronidazole)
- pregnancy or children < 8y (do not use tetracycline)

68
Q

Steroid ADE

A

ADE:
- short term -> inc appetite/weight gain, mood swings, insomnia
- long term -> adrenal suppression/Cushing’s syndrome, osteoporosis
Notes:
- if used for > 2 weeks, must taper

NAPLEX Prep (40 decks)

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