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NAPLEX Prep > Allergic rhinitis, cough & cold > Flashcards

Allergic rhinitis, cough & cold Flashcards

1
Q

Allergic rhinitis treatment

A

Intranasal steroids
Antihistamines
Decongestants

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2
Q

Intranasal steroids

A

most effective in reducing nasal symptoms of AR (sneezing, itching, rhinorrhea, congestion)
- Budesonide (Rhinocort)
- Fluticasone (Flonase)
- Triamcinolone (Nasacort)

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3
Q

Rhinocort Allergy

A

Intranasal steroid
Budesonide
OTC
6yo and older

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4
Q

Flonase

A

Intranasal steroid
Fluticasone
Rx & OTC
2yo and older

(+ azelastine -> Dymista)

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5
Q

Nasacort

A

Intranasal steroid
Triamcinolone
OTC
2yo and older

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6
Q

Intranasal steroid safety warnings

A
  • avoid use if recent trauma to nasal passages
  • high doses for prolonged periods adrenal suppression & immunosuppression
  • increased intraocular pressure -> caution in cataracts & glaucoma
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7
Q

Intranasal steroids ADE

A
  • nose bleed
  • HA
  • dry nose
  • unpleasant taste
  • localized infection
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8
Q

Preferred nasal steroids in pregnancy

A
  • budesonide
  • beclomethasone
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9
Q

Antihistamines

A

commonly used for mild-moderate allergic rhinitis

effective in reducing symptoms of itching, sneezing, rhinorrhea

little effect on congestion

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10
Q

First gen antihistamines

A
  • diphenhydramine (benadryl)
  • chlorpheniramine (Aller-Chlor)
  • Doxylamine
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11
Q

first gen antihistamines: safety / side effects / monitoring

A

CI: neonates, premature infants, breastfeeding
Warnings:
- avoid in elderly and children < 2
- caution in pts with BPH and glaucoma
ADE:
- somnolence
- cognitive impairment
- anticholinergic effects (dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention, constipation

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12
Q

second gen antihistamines

A
  • Cetirizine (Zyrtec)
  • Levocetirizine (Xyzal)
  • Fexofenadine (Allegra)
  • Loratadine (Claritin)
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13
Q

2nd gen antihistamines safety / ADE / monitoring

A

CI:
- levocetirizine CI in ESRD
ADE:
- somnolence (less than 1st gen)
- HA

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14
Q

Zyrtec

A

2nd gen antihistamine
Cetirizine

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15
Q

Xyzal

A

2nd gen antihistamine
Levocetirizine

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16
Q

Allegra

A

2nd gen antihistamine
Fexofenadine
Notes: take with water only & avoid admin with aluminum or magnesium

17
Q

Claritin

A

2nd gen antihistamine
Loratadine

18
Q

preferred 2nd gen antihistamines in pregnancy

A

loratadine
cetirizine

19
Q

fastest onset 2nd gen antihistamines

A

cetirizine
levocetirizine

20
Q

more sedating 2nd gen antihistamines

A

cetirizine
levocetirizine

21
Q

less sedating 2nd gen antihistamines

A

fexofenadine
loratadine

22
Q

Decongestants moa

A

alpha-adrenergic agonists (sympathomimetics) -> vasoconstriction

23
Q

Decongestants: agents

A
  • Phenylephrine (Sudafed PE)
  • Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed, Nexafed, Zephrex-D)
24
Q

Decongestant safety / ADE/ monitoring

A
  • do not use within 14 days of MAOi
  • avoid in children < 2 (FDA), < 4 (labeling)
  • avoid in first trimester of pregnancy
  • ADE: tachycardia, palpitations, inc BP, insomnia, dec appetite
25
Q

Afrin

A

topical decongestant
Oxymetazoline
Notes:
- do not use for more than 3 days
- caution in patients with BPH
- can cause rebound congestion with prolonged use
- fast onset (5-10 min)

26
Q

Expectorants

A

used to thin mucus in productive cough
Agent:
- Guaifenasin (Mucinex)
ADE:
- N/V/D, dizziness, HA, rash
Do not use ER caps in children < 12

27
Q

Cough suppressants: when to use

A

used for nonproductive cough, or to suppress productive cough at night

28
Q

Cough suppressants: agents

A
  • Dextromethorphan (Delsym, Robafen, Robitussin)
  • Codeine
  • Benzonatate (Tessalon Perles)
  • Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
29
Q

Delsym, Robafen, Robitussin

A

cough suppressant
Dextromethorphan
do not use within 14 days of MAOi
ADE: N/V, drowsiness, serotonin syndrome
OTC: do not use in children < 4 years

30
Q

Tessalon Perles

A

Cough suppressant
Benzonatate
do not use in children < 10 years old
ADE: somnolence, confusion, hallucinations

NAPLEX Prep (40 decks)

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