tissues Flashcards
what are the 4 types of animal tissue?
epithelial
muscle
connective
nervous
where is epithelial tissue found on the body?
surface lining (body covering, internal organs)
what are the functions of epithelial tissue?
protection (skin)
absorb (intestine lining)
filter (kidney)
secretes (from gland)
where is muscle tissue found on the body?
muscle
what are the functions of muscle tissue?
responsible for body movement
move blood, food, waste through organs
responsible for mechanical digestion
where is connective tissue found on the body?
strengthen, support, protect, bind, connect cells and tissue
what are the functions of connective tissue?
wraps, cushions, protects organs
store nutrients
protects joints, attaches muscle, bone (as tendon, ligament)
run through organ capsules in deep layers of skin (giving strength)
where is nervous tissue found on the body?
nerves
what are the functions of nervous tissue?
coordinate body actions
conducts impulses to and from organs via organs
what is epithelial tissue made of?
cells with strong bonds between membranes
what is muscle tissue designed to do?
change shape
how does muscle tissue function?
shortening, lengthening
what is nervous tissue made of?
neurons made to receive and transfer signals
what are the 6 characteristics of epithelial tissue?
good at regenerating
closely bound to each other
has one free (apical) surface open to outside the body or inside an internal organ
always has one fixed (basal) section attached to connective tissue
has no blood vessels
can have many nerves (innervated)
how does epithelial tissue soak up nutrients?
from blood vessels in connective tissue underneath
what are the 3 shapes of epithelial tissue?
squamous
cuboidal
columnar
what does a squamous epithelial tissue look like?
flat, scale like
what does a cuboidal epithelial tissue look like?
as tall as they are wide
what does a columnar epithelial tissue look like?
tall, column shaped
what are the 3 functions of blood specialized connective tissue?
transports nutrients and oxygen
clots when skin is cut
attacks invaders (bacteria, virus)
what are the 3 functions of adipose (fat) specialized connective tissue?
energy storage, padding, insulation
found under skin, around organs
made of large, tightly packed cells
what are the 2 functions of bone specialized connective tissue?
allows movement, support, protection
made of cells surrounded by calcium-hardened tissue through which blood vessels run
what is skeletal muscle’s pattern?
striped, striated
skeletal muscle attaches to _____, allowing movement
bone
where is skeletal muscle found?
limbs
places in need of support
what is smooth muscle’s pattern?
non striated
how does smooth muscle move?
more slowly than skeletal muscle
action can be sustained for a long time
where is smooth muscle found?
blood vessels
walls of internal organs
what is cardiac muscle’s pattern?
branched, unevenly striated
how does cardiac muscle move?
contracts as a unit
where is cardiac muscle found?
only in the heart
what is a neuron?
a cell with finger like projections to receive and transfer signals
what is the central nervous system composed of?
brain, spinal cord
what are meristematic cells?
an unspecialized plant cell that gives rise to a specific specialized cell
what is the function of the leaf?
to provide a large surface area where photosynthesis can take place
where is palisade mesophyll found?
between the upper and lower surface of a leaf
what does the palisade mesophyll tissue do and how?
perform photosynthesis
arranged in lines; tops of cells meet sunlight head on; light travels throughout cell, encountering chloroplasts
where is spongy mesophyll found?
below palisade cells
between the upper and lower surface of a leaf
what does spongy mesophyll do?
loosely packed to form a network of open spaces containing gases needed containing gases needed or produced by photosynthesis (water vapour, oxygen, carbon dioxide)
where is stomata found?
lower surface of a leaf
what does stomata do?
change shape to control opening and closing of pores in the leaf
= “guard cells”
where is xylem found?
the stem, the centre of the leaf
what does xylem do?
deliver water to photosynthesizing cells
where is phloem found?
the stem, the centre of the leaf
what does phloem do?
pick up sugar and deliver it to cells throughout plant
what is the function of the stem?
physical support, transportation of water, nutrients, sugars
what is a vascular bundle?
where xylem vessels are grouped with phloem vessels, strengthening the stem’s ability to support the plant
what is the name of the molecule that captures light?
thylakoids
what are the two types of roots?
taproot
fibrous roots
what is the difference between taproot and fibrous roots?
a taproot is a large main root that makes it hard to pull the entire plant from the ground
fibrous roots are specialized to absorb water from near the surface of the soil
what is a plant gall?
an abnormal growth of plant tissue caused by insects or microorganisms
