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10 science-- biology > tissues > Flashcards

tissues Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are the 4 types of animal tissue?

A

epithelial
muscle
connective
nervous

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2
Q

where is epithelial tissue found on the body?

A

surface lining (body covering, internal organs)

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3
Q

what are the functions of epithelial tissue?

A

protection (skin)
absorb (intestine lining)
filter (kidney)
secretes (from gland)

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4
Q

where is muscle tissue found on the body?

A

muscle

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5
Q

what are the functions of muscle tissue?

A

responsible for body movement
move blood, food, waste through organs
responsible for mechanical digestion

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6
Q

where is connective tissue found on the body?

A

strengthen, support, protect, bind, connect cells and tissue

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7
Q

what are the functions of connective tissue?

A

wraps, cushions, protects organs
store nutrients
protects joints, attaches muscle, bone (as tendon, ligament)
run through organ capsules in deep layers of skin (giving strength)

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8
Q

where is nervous tissue found on the body?

A

nerves

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9
Q

what are the functions of nervous tissue?

A

coordinate body actions

conducts impulses to and from organs via organs

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10
Q

what is epithelial tissue made of?

A

cells with strong bonds between membranes

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11
Q

what is muscle tissue designed to do?

A

change shape

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12
Q

how does muscle tissue function?

A

shortening, lengthening

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13
Q

what is nervous tissue made of?

A

neurons made to receive and transfer signals

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14
Q

what are the 6 characteristics of epithelial tissue?

A

good at regenerating
closely bound to each other
has one free (apical) surface open to outside the body or inside an internal organ
always has one fixed (basal) section attached to connective tissue
has no blood vessels
can have many nerves (innervated)

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15
Q

how does epithelial tissue soak up nutrients?

A

from blood vessels in connective tissue underneath

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16
Q

what are the 3 shapes of epithelial tissue?

A

squamous
cuboidal
columnar

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17
Q

what does a squamous epithelial tissue look like?

A

flat, scale like

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18
Q

what does a cuboidal epithelial tissue look like?

A

as tall as they are wide

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19
Q

what does a columnar epithelial tissue look like?

A

tall, column shaped

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20
Q

what are the 3 functions of blood specialized connective tissue?

A

transports nutrients and oxygen
clots when skin is cut
attacks invaders (bacteria, virus)

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21
Q

what are the 3 functions of adipose (fat) specialized connective tissue?

A

energy storage, padding, insulation
found under skin, around organs
made of large, tightly packed cells

22
Q

what are the 2 functions of bone specialized connective tissue?

A

allows movement, support, protection

made of cells surrounded by calcium-hardened tissue through which blood vessels run

23
Q

what is skeletal muscle’s pattern?

A

striped, striated

24
Q

skeletal muscle attaches to _____, allowing movement

A

bone

25
Q

where is skeletal muscle found?

A

limbs

places in need of support

26
Q

what is smooth muscle’s pattern?

A

non striated

27
Q

how does smooth muscle move?

A

more slowly than skeletal muscle

action can be sustained for a long time

28
Q

where is smooth muscle found?

A

blood vessels

walls of internal organs

29
Q

what is cardiac muscle’s pattern?

A

branched, unevenly striated

30
Q

how does cardiac muscle move?

A

contracts as a unit

31
Q

where is cardiac muscle found?

A

only in the heart

32
Q

what is a neuron?

A

a cell with finger like projections to receive and transfer signals

33
Q

what is the central nervous system composed of?

A

brain, spinal cord

34
Q

what are meristematic cells?

A

an unspecialized plant cell that gives rise to a specific specialized cell

35
Q

what is the function of the leaf?

A

to provide a large surface area where photosynthesis can take place

36
Q

where is palisade mesophyll found?

A

between the upper and lower surface of a leaf

37
Q

what does the palisade mesophyll tissue do and how?

A

perform photosynthesis

arranged in lines; tops of cells meet sunlight head on; light travels throughout cell, encountering chloroplasts

38
Q

where is spongy mesophyll found?

A

below palisade cells

between the upper and lower surface of a leaf

39
Q

what does spongy mesophyll do?

A

loosely packed to form a network of open spaces containing gases needed containing gases needed or produced by photosynthesis (water vapour, oxygen, carbon dioxide)

40
Q

where is stomata found?

A

lower surface of a leaf

41
Q

what does stomata do?

A

change shape to control opening and closing of pores in the leaf
= “guard cells”

42
Q

where is xylem found?

A

the stem, the centre of the leaf

43
Q

what does xylem do?

A

deliver water to photosynthesizing cells

44
Q

where is phloem found?

A

the stem, the centre of the leaf

45
Q

what does phloem do?

A

pick up sugar and deliver it to cells throughout plant

46
Q

what is the function of the stem?

A

physical support, transportation of water, nutrients, sugars

47
Q

what is a vascular bundle?

A

where xylem vessels are grouped with phloem vessels, strengthening the stem’s ability to support the plant

48
Q

what is the name of the molecule that captures light?

A

thylakoids

49
Q

what are the two types of roots?

A

taproot

fibrous roots

50
Q

what is the difference between taproot and fibrous roots?

A

a taproot is a large main root that makes it hard to pull the entire plant from the ground
fibrous roots are specialized to absorb water from near the surface of the soil

51
Q

what is a plant gall?

A

an abnormal growth of plant tissue caused by insects or microorganisms

10 science-- biology (24 decks)

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