digestive system Flashcards
what are the 3 functions of the digestive system?
take in and break down food
absorb nutrients
remove solid waste from the body
name 7 digestive tract organs
mouth esophagus small intestine stomach large intestine rectum anus
name 3 accessory organs
liver
gall bladder
pancreas
what is the path of food through the digestive system?
mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus
what is the large intestine also known as?
colon
what lines the entire digestive tract and what is it made of?
epithelial tissue
muscle, connective, nerve tissue
what does epithelial tissue contain?
goblet cells that secrete mucus
what are 2 functions of mucus?
protects digestive tube from digestive enzymes
allows material to pass smoothly along the tube
mouth– mechanical digestion
____ and _____ break down food into smaller pieces
tongue / teeth
mouth– chemical digestion
saliva __________ as you chew and breaks down starch into _________
softens food / enzymes (amylase)
what produces saliva?
epithelial tissue lining the mouth
what is the esophagus?
a muscular tube that moves the food from the mouth to the stomach
esophagus–
_________ contract in a wavelike motion- _______ moves the semi liquid food (food bolus)
involuntary smooth muscles / peristalsis
stomach– mechanical breakdown
_____ and _____ food
holds / churns
stomach– mechanical breakdown
contracts to mix the food with ______ and _______
chemicals / acids
stomach– chemical breakdown
____________ containing digestive enzymes (pepsin) and ___________
gastric juices / hydrochloric acid
stomach– chemical breakdown
______ protects the stomach wall from breaking down in the acidic environment
mucus
stomach– chemical breakdown
__________ relaxes and releases stomach content into duodenum
pyloric sphincter
small intestine
most _______ and __________ occurs here
digestion / absorption of nutrients
small intestine
where does most digestion take place?
duodenum
small intestine
small ducts release chemical produced in ________________ to duodenum to break down food further
liver, pancreas, gall bladder
small intestine
________ produce mucus
goblet cells
small intestine
______ and ______ maximize the surface area to allow ____ and _______ to absorb into the bloodstream
villi / microvilli
water / nutrients
large intestine
absorbs _________________ from undigested food
water, vitamins, various salts
large intestine
contains bacteria which finishes the process of __________ and produces __________, vitamin K
breaking down food / essential nutrients
rectum
receives and holds solid waste (stool) from colon until release
anus
solid waste exits the body as feces
liver
produce ______ to help break down fats in food
bile
liver
breaks down ______ into forms that are easier to use
nutrients
liver
breaks down ___________________
harmful drugs and chemicals
gall bladder
a small pouch under the liver
gall bladder stores \_\_\_\_\_\_ (produced by the liver) and releases them into \_\_\_\_\_
bile / duodenum
pancreas
located __________
behind the stomach
pancreas
make _________– digest protein and fat
digestive enzymes
pancreas
produce _______ and _______ (control blood sugar)
insulin / glucagon
insulin– ______ blood sugar
lower
glucagon– _____ blood sugar
raise
