the cell cycle and cell division

Question 1

what are 3 reasons cell division is important?

Answer 1

healing and tissue repair
growth
reproduction

Question 2

what is the purpose of healing and tissue repair?

Answer 2

replace dead cells

Question 3

what is the purpose of growth?

Answer 3

increase number of cells to keep cells small and constant

Question 4

what is the purpose of reproduction?

Answer 4

perpetuate life

Question 5

the cell surface area must be big enough for ____________

Answer 5

entry of oxygen and nutrients

Question 6

as cells use nutrients, they produce more organelles and cytosol = ____________

Answer 6

becomes bigger

Question 7

more functioning organelles = ____________

Answer 7

more nutrients needed, more waste produced

Question 8

why can’t a cell get too big?

Answer 8

it will not have enough surface area for all the nutrients it needs and waste it produces

Question 9

the cell cycle consists of two phases: _____ and _____

Answer 9

cell division / interphase

Question 10

different types of cells spend different ____________

Answer 10

amounts of time in each stage

Question 11

what is the cell cycle?

Answer 11

a continuous sequence of cell growth and division

Question 12

what stages does the cell cycle include?

Answer 12

interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis

Question 13

what is interphase?

Answer 13

periods of growth in the life of a cell

Question 14

what phases does interphase include?

Answer 14

growth and DNA reproduction

Question 15

prophase

Answer 15

the phase of mitosis in which sister chromatids condense and chromosomes become visible

Question 16

prophase:

duplicated chromosomes _____ and ______, become visible

Answer 16

shorten / thicken

Question 17

prophase:

duplicated chromosomes consists of _______

Answer 17

2 chromatids joined by a centromere

Question 18

prophase:

nuclear membrane ________

Answer 18

dissolves

Question 19

prophase:

centrioles move to ________

Answer 19

opposite poles

Question 20

prophase:

spindle fibres _______

Answer 20

appear

Question 21

metaphase

Answer 21

the phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes are aligned across the centre of the cell

Question 22

metaphase:

duplicated chromosomes line up in the _______

Answer 22

middle of the cell

Question 23

metaphase:

spindle fibres attach to ________

Answer 23

centromeres

Question 24

anaphase

Answer 24

the phase of mitosis in which the centromere splits apart and the chromatids are pulled to opposite sides of the cell by the spindle fibres

Question 25

anaphase:

spindle fibres pull __________

Answer 25

each chromatid to the duplicated chromosome to opposite poles (chromosome splits)

Question 26

telophase

Answer 26

the phase of mitosis in which two daughter nuclei are formed

Question 27

telophase:

chromosomes reach ________

Answer 27

the opposite poles

Question 28

telophase:

nuclear membrane begins to ______

Answer 28

form

Question 29

telophase:

spindle fibres _______

Answer 29

disappear

Question 30

telophase:

cytoplasm and organelles separate into _______

Answer 30

roughly 2 equal parts

Question 31

DNA is divided into segments called _____, each of which provides the instructions for making a different ______

Answer 31

genes / protein

Question 32

different types of cells spend _________

Answer 32

different amounts of time in each stage

Question 33

during cell division, each daughter cell needs a copy of all ________

Answer 33

chromosomes

Question 34

the copying process of chromosomes is called _________

Answer 34

DNA replication

Question 35

a parent cell must make a copy of every chromosome before __________

Answer 35

it divides

Question 36

just before the cell gets ready to divide, the chromosomes become _______

Answer 36

thick and bulging

Question 37

mitosis

Answer 37

the process by which the duplicated contents of the cell’s nucleus divide into two equal parts

Question 38

cytokinesis

Answer 38

following mitosis, the separation of the two nuclei and cell contents into daughter cells

Question 39

cytokinesis in plant and animal cells:

a ring of __________ around the middle of the cell starts to _______

Answer 39

specialized proteins / contract

Question 40

cytokinesis in plant and animal cells:

the cell membrane is pinched until the parent cell __________

Answer 40

is divided into two parts

Question 41

cytokinesis in plant and animal cells:

each daughter cell has a complete set of _____________

Answer 41

chromosomes in a nucleus and its own share of cytosol and organelles

Question 42

cytokinesis in plant cells:

what organelle changes the process?

Answer 42

cell wall

Question 43

cytokinesis in plant cells:

Golgi body starts to produce ________; sacs carry materials needed to make _______

Answer 43

small vesicles / a new cell wall

Question 44

cytokinesis in plant cells:

vesicles line up between two nuclei, forming _________

Answer 44

a cell plate

Question 45

cytokinesis in plant cells:

cell plate grows outwards and joins ______, dividing ________

Answer 45

old cell wall / cytoplasm in two

Question 46

cytokinesis in plant cells:

new ______ form inside cell walls

Answer 46

membrane