the cell cycle and cell division Flashcards

(46 cards)

1
Q

what are 3 reasons cell division is important?

A

healing and tissue repair
growth
reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the purpose of healing and tissue repair?

A

replace dead cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the purpose of growth?

A

increase number of cells to keep cells small and constant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the purpose of reproduction?

A

perpetuate life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

the cell surface area must be big enough for ____________

A

entry of oxygen and nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

as cells use nutrients, they produce more organelles and cytosol = ____________

A

becomes bigger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

more functioning organelles = ____________

A

more nutrients needed, more waste produced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

why can’t a cell get too big?

A

it will not have enough surface area for all the nutrients it needs and waste it produces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the cell cycle consists of two phases: _____ and _____

A

cell division / interphase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

different types of cells spend different ____________

A

amounts of time in each stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the cell cycle?

A

a continuous sequence of cell growth and division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what stages does the cell cycle include?

A

interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is interphase?

A

periods of growth in the life of a cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what phases does interphase include?

A

growth and DNA reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

prophase

A

the phase of mitosis in which sister chromatids condense and chromosomes become visible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

prophase:

duplicated chromosomes _____ and ______, become visible

A

shorten / thicken

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

prophase:

duplicated chromosomes consists of _______

A

2 chromatids joined by a centromere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

prophase:

nuclear membrane ________

A

dissolves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

prophase:

centrioles move to ________

A

opposite poles

20
Q

prophase:

spindle fibres _______

21
Q

metaphase

A

the phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes are aligned across the centre of the cell

22
Q

metaphase:

duplicated chromosomes line up in the _______

A

middle of the cell

23
Q

metaphase:

spindle fibres attach to ________

24
Q

anaphase

A

the phase of mitosis in which the centromere splits apart and the chromatids are pulled to opposite sides of the cell by the spindle fibres

25
anaphase: | spindle fibres pull __________
each chromatid to the duplicated chromosome to opposite poles (chromosome splits)
26
telophase
the phase of mitosis in which two daughter nuclei are formed
27
telophase: | chromosomes reach ________
the opposite poles
28
telophase: | nuclear membrane begins to ______
form
29
telophase: | spindle fibres _______
disappear
30
telophase: | cytoplasm and organelles separate into _______
roughly 2 equal parts
31
DNA is divided into segments called _____, each of which provides the instructions for making a different ______
genes / protein
32
different types of cells spend _________
different amounts of time in each stage
33
during cell division, each daughter cell needs a copy of all ________
chromosomes
34
the copying process of chromosomes is called _________
DNA replication
35
a parent cell must make a copy of every chromosome before __________
it divides
36
just before the cell gets ready to divide, the chromosomes become _______
thick and bulging
37
mitosis
the process by which the duplicated contents of the cell's nucleus divide into two equal parts
38
cytokinesis
following mitosis, the separation of the two nuclei and cell contents into daughter cells
39
cytokinesis in plant and animal cells: | a ring of __________ around the middle of the cell starts to _______
specialized proteins / contract
40
cytokinesis in plant and animal cells: | the cell membrane is pinched until the parent cell __________
is divided into two parts
41
cytokinesis in plant and animal cells: | each daughter cell has a complete set of _____________
chromosomes in a nucleus and its own share of cytosol and organelles
42
cytokinesis in plant cells: | what organelle changes the process?
cell wall
43
cytokinesis in plant cells: | Golgi body starts to produce ________; sacs carry materials needed to make _______
small vesicles / a new cell wall
44
cytokinesis in plant cells: | vesicles line up between two nuclei, forming _________
a cell plate
45
cytokinesis in plant cells: | cell plate grows outwards and joins ______, dividing ________
old cell wall / cytoplasm in two
46
cytokinesis in plant cells: | new ______ form inside cell walls
membrane