the cell cycle and cell division Flashcards
(46 cards)
what are 3 reasons cell division is important?
healing and tissue repair
growth
reproduction
what is the purpose of healing and tissue repair?
replace dead cells
what is the purpose of growth?
increase number of cells to keep cells small and constant
what is the purpose of reproduction?
perpetuate life
the cell surface area must be big enough for ____________
entry of oxygen and nutrients
as cells use nutrients, they produce more organelles and cytosol = ____________
becomes bigger
more functioning organelles = ____________
more nutrients needed, more waste produced
why can’t a cell get too big?
it will not have enough surface area for all the nutrients it needs and waste it produces
the cell cycle consists of two phases: _____ and _____
cell division / interphase
different types of cells spend different ____________
amounts of time in each stage
what is the cell cycle?
a continuous sequence of cell growth and division
what stages does the cell cycle include?
interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis
what is interphase?
periods of growth in the life of a cell
what phases does interphase include?
growth and DNA reproduction
prophase
the phase of mitosis in which sister chromatids condense and chromosomes become visible
prophase:
duplicated chromosomes _____ and ______, become visible
shorten / thicken
prophase:
duplicated chromosomes consists of _______
2 chromatids joined by a centromere
prophase:
nuclear membrane ________
dissolves
prophase:
centrioles move to ________
opposite poles
prophase:
spindle fibres _______
appear
metaphase
the phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes are aligned across the centre of the cell
metaphase:
duplicated chromosomes line up in the _______
middle of the cell
metaphase:
spindle fibres attach to ________
centromeres
anaphase
the phase of mitosis in which the centromere splits apart and the chromatids are pulled to opposite sides of the cell by the spindle fibres