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10 science-- biology > cell cycle and division (2) > Flashcards

cell cycle and division (2) Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

non division phase

A

interphase (growth, preparation)

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2
Q

division phase

A

mitosis (division of nucleus), cytokinesis (division of cytoplasm, organelles)

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3
Q

when can a cell not go through division?

A

other cells inform the cell that more cells of that type are not required
not enough nutrients are available to provide for cell growth
DNA has not replicated
DNA is damaged

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4
Q

when are the 3 “checkpoints”?

A

G1 => S1 (is DNA intact)
G2 => M (has DNA been replicated)
metaphase => anaphase (are chromosomes aligned at centre)

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5
Q

chromatin

A

loose, stringy mass where chromosomes cannot be seen

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6
Q

chromosome

A

during mitosis, DNA coils and chromosomes can be seen

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7
Q

what are 2 types of chromosome appearances?

A

single stranded

double stranded

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8
Q

centromere

A

holds double stranded chromosomes together

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9
Q

chromatid

A

each strand in a double stranded chromosome

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10
Q

sister chromatids

A

two identical copies of a chromatid connected by a centromere

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11
Q

homologous chromosomes

A

2 identical pairs of chromotids

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12
Q

order of cell cycle events

A 
interphase 
prophase 
metaphase 
anaphase 
telophase 
cytokinesis
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13
Q

what is the longest phase?

A

interphase

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14
Q

interphase

cells do ________

A

whatever activities it is meant to do and prepare for cell division

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15
Q

how does a cell prepare for division?

A

growing
making more organelles
replicating DNA

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16
Q

prophase

chromatin _______ and chromosomes become ______

A

condenses / visible

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17
Q

prophase

nuclear membrane starts to ______

A

break down

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18
Q

prophase

nucleolus ______

A

disappears

19
Q

prophase

centrosomes move toward _________ and begin to form ______

A

opposite ends of cell / spindle fibres

20
Q

metaphase

chromosomes line up ________

A

along centre of cell

21
Q

metaphase

centrioles reach ________

A

opposite ends of cell

22
Q

metaphase

each centromere attaches to ______

A

2 spindle fibres (one on each end)

23
Q

metaphase

nuclear membrane is _____

A

completely dissolved

24
Q

anaphase

daughter chromosomes are pulled to _________

A

opposite side of cell

25
Q

anaphase

the centromere ________ and the chromatids _________

A

breaks apart / separate

26
Q

anaphase

spindle fibres _______

A

retract

27
Q

telophase

two ___________ are formed

A

daughter nuclei

28
Q

telophase

spindle fibres ________

A

start to disappear

29
Q

telophase

______ begins to form around the nucleus at each end of the cell

A

new nuclear membrane

30
Q

telophase

nucleolus ______

A

appears

31
Q

telophase

chromosomes reach ______

A

opposite ends of cell

32
Q

telophase

chromosomes become _______

A

less coiled and harder to see

33
Q

cytokinesis

occurs during _______

A

late telophase

34
Q

cytokinesis

cytoplasm and organelles ________

A

divide into two equal parts

35
Q

cytokinesis

the division of organelles produces ______

A

two genetically identical daughter cells

36
Q

cytokinesis: animal cells

a ring of _________ around the middle of the cell starts to contract

A

specialized protein

37
Q

cytokinesis: animal cells

cell membrane pinches in and forms _______

A

cleavage furrow

38
Q

cytokinesis: animal cells

the parent cell is pinched until it divides into _______

A

two daughter cells

39
Q

cytokinesis: plant cells

Golgi bodies start to produce _________ which _____________

A

small vesicles / carry the materials needed to form a new cell wall

40
Q

cytokinesis: plant cells

vesicles line up between the two net nuclei, forming a ______

A

cell plate

41
Q

cytokinesis: plant cells

cell plate grows outwards and _______

A

joins the old cell wall

42
Q

cytokinesis: plant cells

the new ________ forms inside the new cell wall

A

cell membrane

43
Q

cytokinesis: plant cells

the parent cell is divided into _________

A

two daughter cells

10 science-- biology (24 decks)

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