respiratory system Flashcards
what are the 2 main jobs of the respiratory system?
provides oxygen needed by the body
removes carbon dioxide produced by the body
the respiratory system works closely with the _______ system
circulatory
name the 7 main parts of the respiratory system
nose, mouth, trachea, lungs, rib cage, muscle, diaphragm
air enters through the ____ or _____ (nasal cavity)
mouth / nose
after entering through the nose or mouth, air passes through the ______ (throat)
pharynx
after passing through the pharynx, air travels down the ______ (windpipe)
trachea
after travelling down the trachea, air goes into the right or left _______
bronchus
after travelling into a bronchi, air branches into ________
bronchioles
after branching into the bronchioles, air travels into the _______ (air sacs)
alveoli
why does air need to go into the alveoli?
for gas exchange
what surrounds the alveoli?
capillaries
what does the nasal cavity do?
filters, warms, moistens incoming air
what does the epiglottis do?
prevents food from entering trachea
what does the bronchus do?
carries air to lung
what does the larynx contain?
the vocal cords
what does the bronchiole do?
carry air to alveoli
what does the trachea do?
carry air to the bronchi
where are goblet cells located and what do they produce?
in between epithelial cells
mucus
what are 2 functions of mucus?
warms, moistens air and allows it to travel airways more easily
traps dirt, dust particles and bacteria
what do epithelial cells have?
cilia (hair like projections)
what does cilia do?
slowly move the mucus up toward the throat and nose, carrying away any foreign particles
when would a sneeze occur?
if particles irritate the nose
when will a cough occur?
if the particles are deeper in the air passages
how do rings of cartilage support trachea?
by keeping the trachea open, allowing the air to flow more freely
air we breathe into our lungs has a ________ concentration of oxygen than the ________ around the alveoli
higher / blood in the capillaries
oxygen diffuses through __________ in lungs into ________
alveoli / blood in capillaries
blood carries oxygen to the ______
heart
what is carbon dioxide?
a waste gas produced by the body as the body uses energy to move/grow/repair itself
blood carries carbon dioxide to the ______
lungs
carbon dioxide diffuses from __________ in capillaries into ________
blood / alveoli in lungs
how is carbon dioxide released?
when we breathe out
name 2 ways in which the respiratory system is more efficient?
branching out to increase surface area where oxygen can be absorbed
thin walled alveoli are surrounded by thin walled capillaries
breathing is involuntary– _________
controlled by the brain that detects the concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood
breathing air in and out is a mechanical process related to ___________ caused by the ________________ of the __________________
pressure changes / increase and decrease / chest cavity size
inhalation:
muscles move the ribs __________
up and out
inhalation:
diaphragm contracts, moving ________
it down
inhalation:
volume _______
increases
inhalation:
pressure in lungs _______– draws air ___
decreases / in
exhalation:
muscles move the ribs _________
down and in
exhalation:
diaphragm relaxes, moving _______
it up
exhalation:
volume ________
decreases
exhalation:
pressure in lungs ________– push air ___
increases / out
