cell structures and functions

Question 1

nucleus

Answer 1

controls all cell activity

Question 2

chromosomes

Answer 2

DNA organized into threadlike structures that provide genetic material

Question 3

cytoplasm/cytosol

Answer 3

supports cell organelles

gel like substance that fills cellular space

Question 4

cell membrane

Answer 4

controls the flow of materials into/out of the cell

Question 5

mitochondrion (mitochondria)

Answer 5

cellular respiration occurs here to release energy for the cell to use

Question 6

ribosomes

Answer 6

helps produce proteins

Question 7

where can ribosomes be found?

Answer 7

floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the rough ER

Question 8

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Answer 8

a network of channels that transport materials made in the cell

Question 9

what is rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 9

attached to ribosomes

Question 10

what is smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 10

not attached to ribosomes

Question 11

Golgi body / Golgi apparatus

Answer 11

stores, modifies, packages material for transport out of the cell

Question 12

vesicles

Answer 12

sacs that transport/store materials and sometimes help the materials enter/exit the cell

Question 13

cytoskeleton

Answer 13

acts as skeleton, muscle

Question 14

vacuoles

Answer 14

contains/stores/transports material

Question 15

how many vacuoles does a plant cell have?

Answer 15

one large one

Question 16

how many vacuoles does an animal cell have?

Answer 16

several small ones

Question 17

lysosomes

Answer 17

contains enzymes that break down waste and other materials

Question 18

what organelles are only found in animal cells?

Answer 18

centriole

Question 19

what organelles are only found in plant cells?

Answer 19

cell wall

chloroplasts

Question 20

centriole

Answer 20

helps with cell division

Question 21

cell wall

Answer 21

tough structure lying just outside the cell membrane

supports the cell

Question 22

chloroplasts

Answer 22

traps sun’s energy to make glucose, which is broken down in the mitochondria to power cell activities (photosynthesis)

Question 23

what is cellular respiration?

Answer 23

glucose + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water + energy

Question 24

why is cellular respiration important?

Answer 24

process by which energy is released for cells to use

Question 25

nuclear membrane

Answer 25

encloses cell’s genetic material

Question 26

where do chemical reactions occur?

Answer 26

in the cytoplasm

Question 27

what is the cell membrane made of?

Answer 27

phospholipid bilayer

Question 28

what surrounds the nucleus?

Answer 28

a double membrane

Question 29

what is the easiest organelle to see under a microscope?

Answer 29

the nucleus

Question 30

how many nuclei are found in a cell?

Answer 30

one

Question 31

which organelle helps move other organelles around the cell?

Answer 31

cytoskeleton

Question 32

what is the cytoskeleton made of?

Answer 32

microtubules
actin filaments
intermediate filaments

Question 33

what is the endoplasmic reticulum connected to?

Answer 33

nuclear membrane

Question 34

what does rough ER make?

Answer 34

proteins

Question 35

what does smooth ER make?

Answer 35

lipids

Question 36

where are ribosomes produced?

Answer 36

the nucleolus

Question 37

what does the Golgi apparatus resemble?

Answer 37

a stack

Question 38

how are molecules transported to and from the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 38

vesicles

Question 39

what binds the mitochondria?

Answer 39

a double membrane

Question 40

which organelle has its own strand of DNA?

Answer 40

the mitochondria

Question 41

what binds the chloroplast?

Answer 41

a double membrane

Question 42

which organelle helps the cell maintain its shape?

Answer 42

cell wall

Question 43

what is the cell wall made of?

Answer 43

cellulose (fibre)

Question 44

what is the centriole made of?

Answer 44

microtubles