cell structures and functions Flashcards
nucleus
controls all cell activity
chromosomes
DNA organized into threadlike structures that provide genetic material
cytoplasm/cytosol
supports cell organelles
gel like substance that fills cellular space
cell membrane
controls the flow of materials into/out of the cell
mitochondrion (mitochondria)
cellular respiration occurs here to release energy for the cell to use
ribosomes
helps produce proteins
where can ribosomes be found?
floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the rough ER
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
a network of channels that transport materials made in the cell
what is rough endoplasmic reticulum?
attached to ribosomes
what is smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
not attached to ribosomes
Golgi body / Golgi apparatus
stores, modifies, packages material for transport out of the cell
vesicles
sacs that transport/store materials and sometimes help the materials enter/exit the cell
cytoskeleton
acts as skeleton, muscle
vacuoles
contains/stores/transports material
how many vacuoles does a plant cell have?
one large one
how many vacuoles does an animal cell have?
several small ones
lysosomes
contains enzymes that break down waste and other materials
what organelles are only found in animal cells?
centriole
what organelles are only found in plant cells?
cell wall
chloroplasts
centriole
helps with cell division
cell wall
tough structure lying just outside the cell membrane
supports the cell
chloroplasts
traps sun’s energy to make glucose, which is broken down in the mitochondria to power cell activities (photosynthesis)
what is cellular respiration?
glucose + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water + energy
why is cellular respiration important?
process by which energy is released for cells to use
nuclear membrane
encloses cell’s genetic material
where do chemical reactions occur?
in the cytoplasm
what is the cell membrane made of?
phospholipid bilayer
what surrounds the nucleus?
a double membrane
what is the easiest organelle to see under a microscope?
the nucleus
how many nuclei are found in a cell?
one
which organelle helps move other organelles around the cell?
cytoskeleton
what is the cytoskeleton made of?
microtubules
actin filaments
intermediate filaments
what is the endoplasmic reticulum connected to?
nuclear membrane
what does rough ER make?
proteins
what does smooth ER make?
lipids
where are ribosomes produced?
the nucleolus
what does the Golgi apparatus resemble?
a stack
how are molecules transported to and from the Golgi apparatus?
vesicles
what binds the mitochondria?
a double membrane
which organelle has its own strand of DNA?
the mitochondria
what binds the chloroplast?
a double membrane
which organelle helps the cell maintain its shape?
cell wall
what is the cell wall made of?
cellulose (fibre)
what is the centriole made of?
microtubles
