DNA, genes, mutations, chromosomes

Question 1

chromosomes

Answer 1

threadlike structures made mostly of DNA

Question 2

where are chromosomes found?

Answer 2

in the nucleus

Question 3

DNA

Answer 3

material containing genetic information

Question 4

where is DNA found?

Answer 4

in the nucleus

Question 5

gene

Answer 5

segment of DNA controlling protein production

Question 6

what does the nucleus contain?

Answer 6

instructions that determine what each cell will become, how it will function, and how long it will live before being replaced

Question 7

every plant/animal species has a ______ in the nucleus of each cell

Answer 7

specific number of chromosomes

Question 8

humans contain ____ chromosomes (__ pairs)

Answer 8

46 / 23

Question 9

what are chromosomes made of?

Answer 9

DNA

Question 10

what does DNA stand for?

Answer 10

deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 11

every chromosome consists of a single molecule of ____ which is divided into segments called _____

Answer 11

DNA / genes

Question 12

what controls the cell’s activities and how?

Answer 12

genes / controlling what proteins are made and when

Question 13

what are the 4 types of nitrogen bases?

Answer 13

adenine (a)
thymine (t)
cytosine (c)
guanine (g)

Question 14

which nitrogen bases pair together?

Answer 14

a + t (apple in the tree)

c + g (car in the garage)

Question 15

what is genetic code?

Answer 15

the order in which nitrogen bases are strung together

Question 16

genetic code determines _________

Answer 16

the kind of proteins your cells can make, and therefore how your body might function or look

Question 17

why is DNA important?

Answer 17

it controls many physical features (ex. hair/eye colour) and whether you can digest certain foods (ex. milk)
= it makes each person unique

Question 18

DNA provides directions that __________

Answer 18

guide the repair of worn cell parts and the construction of new ones

Question 19

in each pair of chromosomes, one comes from ____ and the other from _____

Answer 19

your mother / your father

Question 20

what is the ladder shape of DNA called?

Answer 20

the double helix

Question 21

DNA is able to ______

Answer 21

make a perfect copy of itself

Question 22

why is DNA duplication important?

Answer 22

it is needed for mitosis and meiosis

Question 23

mutation

Answer 23

a change in the DNA of an organism

Question 24

what is the effect of a mutation?

Answer 24

alters structure of protein it produces or how well the protein does its job

Question 25

mutagen

Answer 25

a substance/factor that can cause a mutation in DNA

Question 26

DNA screening

Answer 26

the process of testing individuals to determine whether they have gene(s) associated with certain genetic disorders

Question 27

what human specimen does not have 46 chromosomes?

Answer 27

egg

sperm

Question 28

what molecules make up the “ladder” of DNA?

Answer 28

phosphate

deoxyribose

Question 29

what molecules make the “rung” of DNA?

Answer 29

nitrogen bases

Question 30

what do genes control?

Answer 30

cell activities, cell structure, protein production

Question 31

what are 2 ways a mutation might not be harmful?

Answer 31

if it occurs in a nongenetic part of DNA

if it is neutral (does not affect DNA)

Question 32

what is a nucleotide?

Answer 32

basic “building block”

Question 33

what is a nucleotide made of?

Answer 33

sugar (deoxyribose)
phosphate
nitrogenous base

Question 34

diploid cell

Answer 34

a human body cell that contains 23 homologous pairs of chromosomes

Question 35

haploid cell

Answer 35

a human sex cell that contains 23 chromosomes