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10 science-- biology > plant tissues and organs > Flashcards

plant tissues and organs Flashcards

1
Q

4 types of tissues found in plants

A

meristematic
epidermal (dermal)
vascular
ground

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2
Q

meristematic tissue is _______ tissue that can be divided by mitosis and can _______________

A

unspecialized / differentiate to form specialized cells

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3
Q

meristematic tissue function

A

growing new parts of plant

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4
Q

name 2 functions of epidermal tissue

A

protection

allow exchange of materials

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5
Q

epidermal– protection

cuticle (waxy material)

A

protects leaves from loss of water by limiting transpiration from the leaf’s surface

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6
Q

what produces the cuticle?

A

upper epidermis

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7
Q

what is transpiration?

A

evaporation of water

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8
Q

epidermal– protection

epidermis

A

very thin layer of cells that covers the surfaces (top and bottom) of leaves, stems, and roots

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9
Q

epidermal– protection

hair-like structures on leaf contain ____________

A

chemical irritants

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10
Q

epidermal– allow exchange of materials

root hairs

A

absorb water and minerals from soil

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11
Q

epidermal– allow exchange of materials

stomata

A

allows carbon dioxide, water vapour, and oxygen to move in and out of leaf easily

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12
Q

why are stomata mostly found on the underside of the leaf?

A

guard cells are activated by light– if the plant is under direct sunlight, the stomata would always be open
too much water would be lost
the plant would die

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13
Q

what is the function of vascular tissue?

A

transporting water and nutrients throughout the plant

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14
Q

what are the 2 things that make up vascular tissue?

A

xylem

phloem

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15
Q

what is the function of xylem?

A

transports water and dissolved minerals upward from the roots to stems and leaves

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16
Q

xylem– __ way flow

A

1

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17
Q

what is the structure of xylem?

A

hollow tubes with hard walls

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18
Q

is xylem made of dead or alive cells?

A

dead

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19
Q

what is the function of phloem?

A

transports sugar (from photosynthesis), nutrients, and hormones

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20
Q

phloem– __ way flow

A

2

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21
Q

what is the structure of phloem?

A

porous cell walls to allow exchange materials with neighbouring cells

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22
Q

is phloem made of dead or alive cells?

A

alive

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23
Q

vascular bundle

A

xylem vessels grouped with phloem vessels

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24
Q

where is most of the plant?

A

ground tissue

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25
Q

what is the function of ground tissue?

A

filter between epidermal and vascular tissues

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26
Q

ground tissue– roots

A

store food and water

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27
Q

ground tissue– leaves

A

photosynthesis and gas exchange occurs

28
Q

ground tissue– stem

A

provides strength and support

29
Q

4 plant organs

A

root
leaf
stem
flower

30
Q

3 functions of a root

A

support plant
collect water from soil
store food made in other parts of plant

31
Q

what is at the bottom of the root?

A

a protective epidermal tissue (root cap)

32
Q

what is the main function of a leaf?

A

perform photosynthesis

33
Q

what is the chemical formula for photosynthesis?

A

6CO2 + 6H2O –> 6O2 + C6H12O6

34
Q

what makes up the upper and middle leaf?

A 
epidermal tissue
ground tissue (palisade mesophyll)
35
Q

what is the function of the epidermal tissue in the upper and middle leaf?

A

protection

36
Q

what is the function of the palisade mesophyll in the upper and middle leaf?

A

perform most of photosynthesis; contains many chloroplasts

37
Q

chloroplasts in the leaf contain thylakoids, which contains ____________________

A

chlorophyll molecules that capture light

38
Q

how are thylakoids arranged in the leaf?

A

in a stack called a granum

39
Q

spongy mesophyll in the leaf has lots of open spaces containing ____________

A

gases (CO2 and O2) and water vapour needed or produced by photosynthesis

40
Q

what is the function of xylem in the leaf?

A

transports water from the root, up stem to leaf

41
Q

what is the function of phloem in the leaf?

A

transports sugars produced from photosynthesis to the rest of the plants

42
Q

what is the function of lower leaf (epidermal tissue) in the leaf?

A

exchange gases between the leaf and the environment

43
Q

what do guard cells in the lower leaf allow?

A

gases to move in and out by changing their shape to control the opening and closing of stomata in the leaf

44
Q

what is the function of stomata in the leaf?

A

the openings in the leaf for CO2 to enter and O2 and water vapour to exit

45
Q

what are the functions of epidermal tissue in the stem?

A

allows for exchange of gases and water vapour

provides cuticle to help prevent water loss

46
Q

what is the function of vascular tissue in the stem?

A

transports water and nutrients throughout the plant

47
Q

what is the function of ground tissue in the stem?

A

supports the leaves and flowers

48
Q

what is the function of the flower?

A

sexual reproductive structure to produce seeds

49
Q

stamen

A

male reproductive structure

50
Q

what makes up the stamen?

A

anther

filament

51
Q

anther

A

produces and contains pollen

52
Q

pollen

A

male sex cells

53
Q

filament

A

supports anther

54
Q

pistil

A

female reproductive structure

55
Q

what makes up the pistil?

A

ovary
stigma
style

56
Q

ovary

A

contain eggs in ovule

57
Q

ovule

A

female sex cells

58
Q

stigma

A

produces a sticky substance that captures pollen

59
Q

style

A

carries pollen to the ovary

60
Q

petal

A

colourful and bright part of flowers to attract pollenators

61
Q

sepal

A

green leaf part that covers the outside of the flower bud to protect the flower before it opens

62
Q

pollen and an egg unite to produce _____

A

seed (fertilized egg)

63
Q

what forms the fruit?

64
Q

root hairs increase _________

A

surface area of the roots

65
Q

osmosis moves ____________ to the ______

A

water and minerals / roots

66
Q

cohesion

A

water molecules stick together

67
Q

adhesion

A

water molecules stick to xylem wall

10 science-- biology (24 decks)

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