stem cells and cloning

Question 1

cloning

Answer 1

the process of creating identical genetic copies of an organism

Question 2

what does cloning solve?

Answer 2

the problem of needing new organs or cells

Question 3

reproductive cloning

Answer 3

produce an entire organism

Question 4

therapeutic cloning

Answer 4

produce specialized cells to replace damaged tissue

Question 5

somatic cell

Answer 5

body cell (not sperm or egg)

Question 6

embryo

Answer 6

stage of development when a fertilized cell has divided to form a mass of at least 63 cells

Question 7

name 3 things needed for somatic cell cloning

Answer 7

1 somatic cell
1 unfertilized egg
1 electric shock

Question 8

what does the somatic cell (for somatic cell cloning) have to contain?

Answer 8

complete chromosomes from the donor

Question 9

what can the unfertilized egg (for somatic cell cloning) not contain?

Answer 9

the nucleus

Question 10

what is the use of the electric shock (for somatic cell cloning)?

Answer 10

to “activate” the hybrid cell to begin cell division to form a cloned embryo

Question 11

step 1 of somatic cell cloning

______ cells frozen

Answer 11

mammary

Question 12

step 2 of somatic cell cloning

___ taken from donor (sheep)

Answer 12

egg

Question 13

step 3 of somatic cell cloning

nucleus is removed from ______ cell

Answer 13

egg

Question 14

step 4 of somatic cell cloning

2 cells are _____

Answer 14

fused

Question 15

step 5 of somatic cell cloning

egg undergoes _________

Answer 15

cell divisions

Question 16

step 6 of somatic cell cloning

cell mass is transferred to _________

Answer 16

uterus of surrogate (Scottish Blackface sheep)

Question 17

step 7 of somatic cell cloning

surrogate (Scottish Blackface sheep) carries the _______

Answer 17

clone

Question 18

step 8 of somatic cell cloning

clone (Dolly) is ____

Answer 18

born

Question 19

name 4 reasons for cloning

Answer 19

medical purpose
revive endangered / extinct species
reproduce deceased pet or child
help infertile couples have children

Question 20

what are the risk(s) of cloning?

Answer 20

high failure rate

Question 21

what is the success rate?

Answer 21

0.1% - 3% (30 out of 1000)

Question 22

what are some issues with cloning?

Answer 22

ethical– moral outcomes
legal– decide whether and how technologies will be regulated by government
social– impact on society

Question 23

ethical: is human cloning “______”?

Answer 23

playing with nature

Question 24

ethical: who has the right to have children, ____________?

Answer 24

no matter how they are created

Question 25

ethical: if a clone originates from an existing person, ________?

Answer 25

who is the parent

Question 26

ethical: does cloning to create stem cells (therapeutic cloning) justify __________

Answer 26

destroying a human embryo