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Anatomy 2 > Thyroid Gland > Flashcards

Thyroid Gland Flashcards

1
Q

How does the thyroid gland begin to form during embryological development?

A

Proliferation on the medial surface of developing pharyngeal arches

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2
Q

Where is the site of development of the thyroid gland?

A

Between the tuberculum impar and copula

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3
Q

What is the site of origin of the thyroglossal duct?

A

A pit called the foramen cecum

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4
Q

Where is the thyroid gland located?

A

Anterior region of the neck

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5
Q

What are 4 medial relations of the thyroid gland?

A
  1. Larynx
  2. Trachea
  3. Pharynx
  4. Oesophagus
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6
Q

What lies in the groove between the oesophagus and the trachea|?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

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7
Q

Where does the recurrent laryngeal nerve come from?

A

Branch of the vagus nerve

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8
Q

What are 4 anterolateral relations of the thyroid gland?

A
  1. Sternohyoid
  2. Superior belly omohyoid
  3. Sternothyroid
  4. Anterior boarder sternocleidomastoid
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9
Q

What are 3 posterior relations of the thyroid gland?

A
  1. Superior parathyroid gland
  2. Inferior parathyroid gland
  3. Anastomosis between superior and inferior thyroid artery
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10
Q

What is the visceral compartment which holds the thyroid gland?

A

Pretracheal fascia

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11
Q

Where does the thyroid gland extend from?

A

Oblique line of the thyroid to tracheal ring 4 or 5

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12
Q

What shape is the thyroid gland?

A

Butterfly shaped

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13
Q

What connects the two lobes of the thyroid?

A

Isthmus

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14
Q

What accessory lobe may be present in the thyroid?

A

Pyramidal lobe, which extends upward from isthmus anterior to thyroid cartilage

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15
Q

What are the 4 large arteries which supply the thyroid?

A
  1. Right inferior thyroid artery
  2. Left inferior thyroid artery
  3. Right superior thyroid artery
  4. Left superior thyroid artery
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16
Q

Where do the inferior thyroid arteries come from?

A

Thyrocervical trunk of subclavian artery

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17
Q

What part of the thyroid gland does the inferior thyroid arteries supply?

A

Posterior and inferior parts

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18
Q

Where do the superior thyroid arteries come from?

A

External carotid artery

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19
Q

What part of the thyroid gland does the superior thyroid arteries supply?

A

Upper pole

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20
Q

What is the accessory vessel which can be present and supply the thyroid gland?

A

Thyroid ima artery

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21
Q

Describe the path of the thyroid ima artery

A

Originates from aortic arch or brachiocephalic artery and enters the thyroid gland at inferior boarder of isthmus

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22
Q

Where does lymph from the thyroid gland mainly drain to?

A

Laterally into the deep cervical lymph nodes

23
Q

Where does some of the lymph from the thyroid gland mainly drain to?

A

Paratracheal nodes

24
Q

What are the 3 drains which provide venous drainage for the thyroid gland?

A
  1. Superior thyroid vein
  2. Middle thyroid vein
  3. Inferior thyroid veins
25
Q

Where does the superior thyroid vein end?

A

Internal jugular vein

26
Q

Where does the middle thyroid vein end?

A

Laterally into the internal jugular vein

27
Q

Where are 2 ways the right inferior thyroid vein end?

A
  1. Right brachiocephalic vein

2. Anastomose with left inferior thyroid vein

28
Q

What accompanies the superior thyroid artery as it descends to the upper pole of each lobe?

A

External laryngeal branch of superior laryngeal nerve

29
Q

What accompanies the inferior thyroid artery as it ascends behind the gland?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve crosses either in front of behind this artery or may pass between its branches

30
Q

What type of operation can damage the two main arteries supplying the thyroid gland?

A

Thyroidectomy

31
Q

What two things does the external laryngeal nerve supply?

A
  1. Thyroid gland

2. Cricothyroid muscle

32
Q

What is the function of the cricothyroid muscle?

A

Produce tension and elongation of the vocal folds resulting in higher pitch phonation

33
Q

What 2 things can result from damage to the external laryngeal nerve?

A
  1. Inability to tense vocal folds

2. Hoarseness of voice

34
Q

What is a tracheostomy?

A

Creation of an opening through the trachea

35
Q

What are 3 functions of a tracheostomy?

A
  1. Exploration
  2. Removal of a foreign body
  3. Obtaining a biopsy specimen
36
Q

What is a thyroidectomy used to treat?

A

Benign multinodular goitre

37
Q

Where does the common carotid artery divide?

A

Upper boarder of thyroid cartilage

38
Q

What is the carotid sinus?

A

Dilated area at the base of the internal carotid just superior to bifurcation of common carotid

39
Q

What branch of the carotid artery gives no branches in the neck?

A

Internal carotid artery

40
Q

What are 2 terminal branches of external carotid artery?

A
  1. Superficial temporal

2. Maxillary

41
Q

What branch passed between the external and internal carotid artery?

A

Ascending pharyngeal

42
Q

What are 3 branches from the anterior boarder of the external carotid artery?

A
  1. Superior thyroid
  2. Facial
  3. Lingual
43
Q

What are 2 branches from the posterior boarder of the external carotid artery?

A
  1. Occipital

2. Posterior auricular

44
Q

Where is the carotid sheath located?

A

Deep to sternocleidomastoid, extending from base of the skull to the first rib and sternum

45
Q

What are 4 contents of the lower part of the carotid sheath?

A
  1. Common carotid artery
  2. Internal jugular vein
  3. Vagus nerve
  4. Deep cervical lymph nodes
46
Q

Describe the relation of the common carotid artery to the internal jugular vein

A

Lies medial within the carotid sheath

47
Q

Where is the vagus nerve situated in the carotid sheath?

A

Between common carotid artery and internal jugular vein

48
Q

What 3 nerves are contained in the upper part of the carotid sheath?

A
  1. CN IX
  2. CN XI
  3. CN XII
49
Q

Where is the ansa cervicalis found?

A

Embedded into the anterior wall of the carotid sheath

50
Q

Where is a carotid artery pulse taken?

A

Deep to anterior boarder of sternocleidomastoid at the level of superior boarder of thyroid cartilage

51
Q

What is the function of the carotid sinus?

A

Contains sensors which help regulate blood pressure

52
Q

What is the purpose of carotid sinus massage?

A

Stimulates an area containing nerve areas to slow heart rate

53
Q

What is the carotid body?

A

A small cluster of chemoreceptors

54
Q

What is the function of the carotid body?

A

Detect changes in composition of blood flow

Anatomy 2 (24 decks)

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