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Anatomy 2 > Thyroid Gland > Flashcards

Thyroid Gland Flashcards

1
Q

How does the thyroid gland begin to form during embryological development?

A

Proliferation on the medial surface of developing pharyngeal arches

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2
Q

Where is the site of development of the thyroid gland?

A

Between the tuberculum impar and copula

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3
Q

What is the site of origin of the thyroglossal duct?

A

A pit called the foramen cecum

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4
Q

Where is the thyroid gland located?

A

Anterior region of the neck

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5
Q

What are 4 medial relations of the thyroid gland?

A
  1. Larynx
  2. Trachea
  3. Pharynx
  4. Oesophagus
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6
Q

What lies in the groove between the oesophagus and the trachea|?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

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7
Q

Where does the recurrent laryngeal nerve come from?

A

Branch of the vagus nerve

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8
Q

What are 4 anterolateral relations of the thyroid gland?

A
  1. Sternohyoid
  2. Superior belly omohyoid
  3. Sternothyroid
  4. Anterior boarder sternocleidomastoid
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9
Q

What are 3 posterior relations of the thyroid gland?

A
  1. Superior parathyroid gland
  2. Inferior parathyroid gland
  3. Anastomosis between superior and inferior thyroid artery
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10
Q

What is the visceral compartment which holds the thyroid gland?

A

Pretracheal fascia

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11
Q

Where does the thyroid gland extend from?

A

Oblique line of the thyroid to tracheal ring 4 or 5

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12
Q

What shape is the thyroid gland?

A

Butterfly shaped

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13
Q

What connects the two lobes of the thyroid?

A

Isthmus

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14
Q

What accessory lobe may be present in the thyroid?

A

Pyramidal lobe, which extends upward from isthmus anterior to thyroid cartilage

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15
Q

What are the 4 large arteries which supply the thyroid?

A
  1. Right inferior thyroid artery
  2. Left inferior thyroid artery
  3. Right superior thyroid artery
  4. Left superior thyroid artery
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16
Q

Where do the inferior thyroid arteries come from?

A

Thyrocervical trunk of subclavian artery

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17
Q

What part of the thyroid gland does the inferior thyroid arteries supply?

A

Posterior and inferior parts

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18
Q

Where do the superior thyroid arteries come from?

A

External carotid artery

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19
Q

What part of the thyroid gland does the superior thyroid arteries supply?

A

Upper pole

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20
Q

What is the accessory vessel which can be present and supply the thyroid gland?

A

Thyroid ima artery

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21
Q

Describe the path of the thyroid ima artery

A

Originates from aortic arch or brachiocephalic artery and enters the thyroid gland at inferior boarder of isthmus

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22
Q

Where does lymph from the thyroid gland mainly drain to?

A

Laterally into the deep cervical lymph nodes

23
Q

Where does some of the lymph from the thyroid gland mainly drain to?

A

Paratracheal nodes

24
Q

What are the 3 drains which provide venous drainage for the thyroid gland?

A
  1. Superior thyroid vein
  2. Middle thyroid vein
  3. Inferior thyroid veins
25
Where does the superior thyroid vein end?
Internal jugular vein
26
Where does the middle thyroid vein end?
Laterally into the internal jugular vein
27
Where are 2 ways the right inferior thyroid vein end?
1. Right brachiocephalic vein | 2. Anastomose with left inferior thyroid vein
28
What accompanies the superior thyroid artery as it descends to the upper pole of each lobe?
External laryngeal branch of superior laryngeal nerve
29
What accompanies the inferior thyroid artery as it ascends behind the gland?
Recurrent laryngeal nerve crosses either in front of behind this artery or may pass between its branches
30
What type of operation can damage the two main arteries supplying the thyroid gland?
Thyroidectomy
31
What two things does the external laryngeal nerve supply?
1. Thyroid gland | 2. Cricothyroid muscle
32
What is the function of the cricothyroid muscle?
Produce tension and elongation of the vocal folds resulting in higher pitch phonation
33
What 2 things can result from damage to the external laryngeal nerve?
1. Inability to tense vocal folds | 2. Hoarseness of voice
34
What is a tracheostomy?
Creation of an opening through the trachea
35
What are 3 functions of a tracheostomy?
1. Exploration 2. Removal of a foreign body 3. Obtaining a biopsy specimen
36
What is a thyroidectomy used to treat?
Benign multinodular goitre
37
Where does the common carotid artery divide?
Upper boarder of thyroid cartilage
38
What is the carotid sinus?
Dilated area at the base of the internal carotid just superior to bifurcation of common carotid
39
What branch of the carotid artery gives no branches in the neck?
Internal carotid artery
40
What are 2 terminal branches of external carotid artery?
1. Superficial temporal | 2. Maxillary
41
What branch passed between the external and internal carotid artery?
Ascending pharyngeal
42
What are 3 branches from the anterior boarder of the external carotid artery?
1. Superior thyroid 2. Facial 3. Lingual
43
What are 2 branches from the posterior boarder of the external carotid artery?
1. Occipital | 2. Posterior auricular
44
Where is the carotid sheath located?
Deep to sternocleidomastoid, extending from base of the skull to the first rib and sternum
45
What are 4 contents of the lower part of the carotid sheath?
1. Common carotid artery 2. Internal jugular vein 3. Vagus nerve 4. Deep cervical lymph nodes
46
Describe the relation of the common carotid artery to the internal jugular vein
Lies medial within the carotid sheath
47
Where is the vagus nerve situated in the carotid sheath?
Between common carotid artery and internal jugular vein
48
What 3 nerves are contained in the upper part of the carotid sheath?
1. CN IX 2. CN XI 3. CN XII
49
Where is the ansa cervicalis found?
Embedded into the anterior wall of the carotid sheath
50
Where is a carotid artery pulse taken?
Deep to anterior boarder of sternocleidomastoid at the level of superior boarder of thyroid cartilage
51
What is the function of the carotid sinus?
Contains sensors which help regulate blood pressure
52
What is the purpose of carotid sinus massage?
Stimulates an area containing nerve areas to slow heart rate
53
What is the carotid body?
A small cluster of chemoreceptors
54
What is the function of the carotid body?
Detect changes in composition of blood flow

Anatomy 2 (24 decks)

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