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Anatomy 2 > Ear > Flashcards

Ear Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 areas of the ear?

A
  1. External ear
  2. Middle ear
  3. Internal ear
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2
Q

What is another name for the middle ear?

A

Tympanic cavity

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3
Q

What is another name for the internal ear?

A

Labyrinth

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4
Q

What are the 3 areas of the external ear?

A
  1. Auricle
  2. External auditory meatus
  3. Tympanic membrane
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5
Q

What is the function of the auricle?

A

Assist in capturing sound waves into external acoustic meatus

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6
Q

What type of gland produce ear wax?

A

Modified sweat gland called ceruminous gland

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7
Q

What 2 tissues make up the external acoustic meatus?

A
  1. Outer 1/3 is elastic cartilage

2. Inner 2/3 is bone

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8
Q

What is the function of the external acoustic meatus?

A

Conduct sound waves towards tympanic membrane

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9
Q

Describe the lining of the external acoustic meatus

A

Thin sin containing hair follicles, sebaceous glands and ceruminous glands

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10
Q

What are the 3 layers of the tympanic membrane?

A
  1. Outer - Cutaneous
  2. Intermediate - Fibrous
  3. Inner - Mucous
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11
Q

Describe the circumference of the tympanic membrane

A

Has thickened fibrocartilaginous ring which is fixed to tympanic sulcus

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12
Q

What bone is attached to the inner surface of the tympanic membrane?

A

Handle of the malleus

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13
Q

What is found above the site of the handle of the malleus?

A

Anterior and posterior malleolar folds

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14
Q

What is the area between the two malleolar folds called?

A

Pars flaccida

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15
Q

What is found in the anteroinferior quadrant of the tympanic membrane?

A

Cone of light

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16
Q

What is the function of the tympanic membrane?

A

Transmits sound vibrations of ossicles of middle ear

17
Q

What 2 things connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx?

A
  1. Eustachian tube

2. Mastoid antrum

18
Q

What 3 bones are found in the middle ear?

A
  1. Incus
  2. Malleus
  3. Stapes
19
Q

What 2 muscles are found in the middle ear?

A
  1. Tensor tympani

2. Stapedius

20
Q

What is the function of the eustachian tube?

A

Allows air to enter middle ear to balance pressure and allow free movement of tympanic membrane

21
Q

What forms the roof of the middle ear?

A

Tegmen tympani of petrous temporal bone

22
Q

What forms the floor of the middle ear?

A

Plate of bone separating middle ear from internal jugular vein

23
Q

What 3 things are found forming the anterior wall of the middle ear?

A
  1. Plate of bone which separates middle ear from internal carotid artery
  2. Opening for eustachian tube
  3. Canal for tensor tympani muscle
24
Q

What 3 things are found in the posterior wall of the middle ear?

A
  1. Aditus to mastoid antrum
  2. Pyramid containing stapedius
  3. Posterior canaliculus for chorda tympani nerve
25
Q

What forms lateral wall of the middle ear?

A

Tympanic membrane

26
Q

What are 4 presenting features of the medial wall of the middle ear?

A
  1. Facial canal
  2. Promontory
  3. Fenestra vestibuli
  4. Fenestra cochleae
27
Q

What is the promontory found on the medial wall of the middle ear?

A

Rounded eminence formed by 1st turn of cochlea

28
Q

What is the fenestra vestibuli of the medial wall of the middle ear?

A

Opening above and behind promontory

29
Q

What is the function of the fenestra vestibuli of the medial wall of the middle ear?

A

Transmit vibrations of ossicles to perilymph in scala vestibuli

30
Q

What is the fenestra cochleae of the medial wall of the middle ear?

A

Opening below and behind the promontory closed by secondary tympanic membrane

31
Q

What is the innervation of the tensor tympani muscle?

A

Mandibular nerve of trigeminal

32
Q

What is the action of the tensor tympani muscle?

A

Dampens down vibrations of tympanic membrane

33
Q

What is the innervation of the stapedius muscle?

A

Facial nerve

34
Q

What is the action of the stapedius muscle?

A

Dampens down vibrations of stapes by pulling on neck of the bone

35
Q

What is the point in the stapedius?

A

Prevents excess movement of stapes helping to control amplitude in inner ear

36
Q

Describe the transmission of sound waves in the cochlea

6 steps

A
  1. Vibrations of stapes footplate at fenestra vestibuli create waves in perilymph of scala vestibuli
  2. Waves move into scala tympani and dissipate at fenestra cochleae
  3. Wave is transmitted to endolymph inside cochlear duct
  4. Basilar membrane vibrates
  5. Organ of Corti moves against tectoral membrane
  6. Stimulates generation of nerve impulses to brain

Anatomy 2 (24 decks)

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