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Anatomy 2 > Osteology of the Skull > Flashcards

Osteology of the Skull Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 bones of the neonatal skull?

A
  1. Frontal
  2. Parietal
  3. Occipital
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2
Q

What separates the bones in the vault of the neonatal skull?

A

Sutures and fontanelles

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3
Q

What are the 3 sutures found in the neonatal skull?

A
  1. Coronal suture
  2. Sagittal suture
  3. Lambdoid suture
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4
Q

What are 3 fontanelles found in the neonatal skull?

A
  1. Anterior
  2. Posterior
  3. Small fontanelles on lateral aspect of the skull
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5
Q

What shape is the anterior fontanelle?

A

Diamond-shaped

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6
Q

At what age does the anterior fontanelle fuse?

A

One and a half years

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7
Q

What shape is the posterior fontanelle?

A

Triangular

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8
Q

At what age does the posterior fontanelle fuse?

A

One year

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9
Q

What are 5 ways fontanelles and sutures have clinical importance?

A
  1. Membranous articulations
  2. Brain enlargement
  3. Access to cranium
  4. Monitor pulse
  5. Depression is a sign of dehydration
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10
Q

What is the major difference between fontanelles and sutures?

A

Fontanelles are membranes and sutures are joints

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11
Q

What is the neurocranium?

A

Bones of the skull enclosing the brain

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12
Q

What is the viscerocranium?

A

Bones of the skull which make up the face

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13
Q

There are 11 major bones of the viscerocranium. Name them and mention which are paired

A
  1. Vomer
  2. Concha *
  3. Maxilla *
  4. Mandible
  5. Palatine *
  6. Zygomatic *
  7. Lacrimal *
  8. Nasal *
  9. Sphenoid
  10. Ethmoid
  11. Frontal
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14
Q

There are 6 major bones of the neurocranium. Name them and mention which are paired

A
  1. Frontal
  2. Parietal *
  3. Temporal *
  4. Occipital
  5. Sphenoid
  6. Ethmoid
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15
Q

How are bone processes named?

A

Whichever bone you are moving towards names the process e.g going from frontal bone to zygomatic is zygomatic process of frontal bone

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16
Q

What are 6 main features of the norma frontalis?

A
  1. Naison
  2. Glabella
  3. Superciliary arches
  4. Supraorbital margin
  5. Supraorbital foramina
  6. Infraorbital foramina
17
Q

What are 3 features of the frontal bone?

A
  1. Superciliary arches
  2. Supraorbital margin
  3. Glabella
18
Q

What are 4 features of the temporal bone?

A
  1. Superior and inferior temporal lines
  2. External acoustic meatus
  3. Mastoid process
  4. Styloid process
19
Q

What are 2 features of the maxilla?

A
  1. Hard palate

2. Infraorbital foramen

20
Q

What are 3 features of the occipital bone?

A
  1. Occipital condyle
  2. External occipital protuberance
  3. Superior and inferior nuchal line
21
Q

What is bregma?

A

The area left when the anterior fontanelle has disappeared

22
Q

What is lambda?

A

The area left when the posterior fontanelle has disappeared

23
Q

What is the function of the occipital condyle?

A

Allows for articulation of skull with C1

24
Q

What is the pterion?

A

Meeting of 4 bones:

Frontal, parietal, greater wing of sphenoid and temporal bone

25
Q

What can a traumatic blow to the pterion cause?

A

Extradural haematoma

26
Q

Why does an extradural haematoma occur at the pterion?

A

The middle meningeal artery runs underneath the pterion so can rupture the artery

27
Q

Why is an extradural haematoma problematic?

A

The bleed is outside the meninges so can increase the pressure of the brain in the skull

28
Q

What are the 3 divisions of the cranial cavity?

A
  1. Anterior cranial fossa
  2. Middle cranial fossa
  3. Posterior cranial fossa
29
Q

What separates the anterior and middle cranial fossa?

A

Lesser wing of sphenoid

30
Q

What separates the middle and posterior cranial fossa?

A

Petrous part of the temporal bone

31
Q

What are 2 examples of sexual dimorphism with regards to the skull

A
  1. Male skulls are heavier

2. The forehead has more projected eyebrows as a result of larger frontal sinuses

Anatomy 2 (24 decks)

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