Facial Structures and Parotid Gland

Question 1

What is the nerve supply of the platysma?

Answer 1

Cervical branch of facial nerve

Question 2

Where does the common carotid artery terminate?

Answer 2

Upper boarder of thyroid cartilage

Question 3

Where does the external carotid artery terminate?

Answer 3

Level of neck of mandible

Question 4

What are the 2 terminal branches of external carotid artery?

Answer 4

1. Maxillary artery

2. Superficial temporal artery

Question 5

What 2 arteries originate from the external carotid artery before its terminal bifurcation?

Answer 5

1. Occipital artery

2. Posterior auricular artery

Question 6

Name 6 lymph nodes which make up superficial ring of lymph nodes

Answer 6

1. Submental
2. Submandibular
3. Superficial parotid
4. Deep parotid
5. Mastoid
6. Occipital

Question 7

From what 3 areas does the submental lymph nodes receive afferents?

Answer 7

1. Lower lip
2. Chin
3. Tip of the tongue

Question 8

From what 5 areas does the submandibular lymph nodes receive afferents?

Answer 8

1. Submental LN
2. Cheek
3. Nose
4. Upper lip
5. Tongue

Question 9

From what 3 areas does the superficial parotid lymph nodes receive afferents?

Answer 9

1. Eyelids
2. Temples
3. Auricles

Question 10

From what 3 areas does the deep parotid lymph nodes receive afferents?

Answer 10

1. Superficial parotid LN
2. Middle ear
3. Soft palate

Question 11

From what 2 areas does the mastoid lymph nodes receive afferents?

Answer 11

1. Posterior part of scalp

2. Auricle

Question 12

From what area does the occipital lymph nodes receive afferents?

Answer 12

1. Posterior part of scalp

Question 13

To what 2 lymph nodes does the submental lymph node drain?

Answer 13

1. Submandibular LN

2. Deep cervical LN

Question 14

To what lymph node does the submandibular lymph node drain?

Answer 14

Deep cervical LN

Question 15

To what lymph node does the superficial parotid lymph node drain?

Answer 15

Deep parotid LN

Question 16

To what lymph node does the deep parotid lymph node drain?

Answer 16

Deep cervical LN

Question 17

To what lymph node does the mastoid lymph node drain?

Answer 17

Deep cervical LN

Question 18

To what lymph node does the occipital lymph node drain?

Answer 18

Deep cervical LN

Question 19

From what 2 areas does the retropharyngeal lymph nodes receive afferents?

Answer 19

1. Posterior nasal cavity

2. Nasopharynx

Question 20

To what lymph node does the retropharyngeal lymph node drain?

Answer 20

Deep cervical LN

Question 21

Where is the deep cervical lymph node found?

Answer 21

Runs parallel to internal jugular vein

Question 22

Describe the position of the parotid gland

Answer 22

1. Wedges between ramus of mandible and sternocleidomastoid
2. Upper end fits into external acoustic meatus
3. Lower end reaches angle of ramus of mandible
4. Overlaps masseter anteriorly

Question 23

Describe the course of the parotid duct

Answer 23

1. Leaves anterior process of gland
2. Pierces buccal fat and buccinator
3. Enters oral cavity opposite upper second molar

Question 24

What is the arterial supply of the parotid gland?

Answer 24

External carotid gland and its terminal branches

Question 25

What is the venous drainage of the parotid gland?

Answer 25

Retromandibular vein

Question 26

What are the 2 possible lymphatic drainage of the parotid gland?

Answer 26

1. Deep parotid | 2. Superficial parotid

Question 27

Name 5 major structures which pass through parotid gland in order of most superficial to deepest

Answer 27

1. Facial nerve 2. Retromandibular vein 3. External carotid artery 4. Beginning of superficial temporal artery 5. Beginning of maxillary artery

Question 28

What is the sensory nerve supply of the parotid gland?

Answer 28

Auriculotemporal nerve

Question 29

What is the sympathetic nerve supply of the parotid gland?

Answer 29

Sympathetic plexus around external carotid artery

Question 30

What is the parasympathetic nerve supply of the parotid gland?

Answer 30

Postganglionic fibres from the otic ganglion carried by the auriculotemporal nerve

Question 31

What are the 4 parasympathetic ganglion found in the head?

Answer 31

1. Pterygopalatine ganglion 2. Otic ganglion 3. Ciliary ganglion 4. Submandibular ganglion

Question 32

Where is the pterygopalatine ganglion found?

Answer 32

Suspended from the maxillary nerve in pterygopalatine fossa

Question 33

Describe the preganglionic parasympathetic fibres to the pterygopalatine ganglion

Answer 33

1. Greater petrosal nerve joins deep petrosal nerve 2. Forms nerve of pterygoid canal 3. Relay in the pterygopalatine ganglion

Question 34

Describe the postganglionic fibres of the pterygopalatine ganglion

Answer 34

1. Joins maxillary nerve 2. Enters zygomatic nerve 3. Reach lacrimal nerve and are distributed to lacrimal gland

Question 35

Where is ciliary ganglion located?

Answer 35

Orbit

Question 36

Describe the preganglionic fibres to the ciliary ganglion

Answer 36

Fibres from Edinger-Westphal nucleus travel along inferior division of oculomotor nerve

Question 37

Describe the postganglionic fibres of the ciliary ganglion

Answer 37

Run in short ciliary nerves

Question 38

What 2 muscles of the eye are innervated by the ciliary ganglion?

Answer 38

1. Sphincter pupillae | 2. Ciliary muscles

Question 39

What is the function of the sphincter pupillae?

Answer 39

Constricts the pupil

Question 40

Where is the otic ganglion located?

Answer 40

Attached to mandibular nerve

Question 41

Describe the preganglionic fibres to the otic ganglion

Answer 41

Fibres from inferior salivatory nucleus pass to lesser petrosal nerve

Question 42

Describe the postganglionic fibres of the otic ganglion

Answer 42

Gives secretomotor fibres to parotid gland via auriculotemporal nerve

Question 43

Where is the submandibular ganglion located?

Answer 43

Suspended from lingual nerve

Question 44

Describe the preganglionic fibres to the submandibular ganglion

Answer 44

Fibres from the superior salivatory nucleus of the pons, via chorda tympani

Question 45

Describe the postganglionic fibres of the submandibular ganglion

Answer 45

Gives parasympathetic secretomotor fibres to oral mucosa, submandibular gland and sublingual gland