Facial Structures and Parotid Gland Flashcards
What is the nerve supply of the platysma?
Cervical branch of facial nerve
Where does the common carotid artery terminate?
Upper boarder of thyroid cartilage
Where does the external carotid artery terminate?
Level of neck of mandible
What are the 2 terminal branches of external carotid artery?
- Maxillary artery
2. Superficial temporal artery
What 2 arteries originate from the external carotid artery before its terminal bifurcation?
- Occipital artery
2. Posterior auricular artery
Name 6 lymph nodes which make up superficial ring of lymph nodes
- Submental
- Submandibular
- Superficial parotid
- Deep parotid
- Mastoid
- Occipital
From what 3 areas does the submental lymph nodes receive afferents?
- Lower lip
- Chin
- Tip of the tongue
From what 5 areas does the submandibular lymph nodes receive afferents?
- Submental LN
- Cheek
- Nose
- Upper lip
- Tongue
From what 3 areas does the superficial parotid lymph nodes receive afferents?
- Eyelids
- Temples
- Auricles
From what 3 areas does the deep parotid lymph nodes receive afferents?
- Superficial parotid LN
- Middle ear
- Soft palate
From what 2 areas does the mastoid lymph nodes receive afferents?
- Posterior part of scalp
2. Auricle
From what area does the occipital lymph nodes receive afferents?
- Posterior part of scalp
To what 2 lymph nodes does the submental lymph node drain?
- Submandibular LN
2. Deep cervical LN
To what lymph node does the submandibular lymph node drain?
Deep cervical LN
To what lymph node does the superficial parotid lymph node drain?
Deep parotid LN
To what lymph node does the deep parotid lymph node drain?
Deep cervical LN
To what lymph node does the mastoid lymph node drain?
Deep cervical LN
To what lymph node does the occipital lymph node drain?
Deep cervical LN
From what 2 areas does the retropharyngeal lymph nodes receive afferents?
- Posterior nasal cavity
2. Nasopharynx
To what lymph node does the retropharyngeal lymph node drain?
Deep cervical LN
Where is the deep cervical lymph node found?
Runs parallel to internal jugular vein
Describe the position of the parotid gland
- Wedges between ramus of mandible and sternocleidomastoid
- Upper end fits into external acoustic meatus
- Lower end reaches angle of ramus of mandible
- Overlaps masseter anteriorly
Describe the course of the parotid duct
- Leaves anterior process of gland
- Pierces buccal fat and buccinator
- Enters oral cavity opposite upper second molar
What is the arterial supply of the parotid gland?
External carotid gland and its terminal branches
What is the venous drainage of the parotid gland?
Retromandibular vein
What are the 2 possible lymphatic drainage of the parotid gland?
- Deep parotid
2. Superficial parotid
Name 5 major structures which pass through parotid gland in order of most superficial to deepest
- Facial nerve
- Retromandibular vein
- External carotid artery
- Beginning of superficial temporal artery
- Beginning of maxillary artery
What is the sensory nerve supply of the parotid gland?
Auriculotemporal nerve
What is the sympathetic nerve supply of the parotid gland?
Sympathetic plexus around external carotid artery
What is the parasympathetic nerve supply of the parotid gland?
Postganglionic fibres from the otic ganglion carried by the auriculotemporal nerve
What are the 4 parasympathetic ganglion found in the head?
- Pterygopalatine ganglion
- Otic ganglion
- Ciliary ganglion
- Submandibular ganglion
Where is the pterygopalatine ganglion found?
Suspended from the maxillary nerve in pterygopalatine fossa
Describe the preganglionic parasympathetic fibres to the pterygopalatine ganglion
- Greater petrosal nerve joins deep petrosal nerve
- Forms nerve of pterygoid canal
- Relay in the pterygopalatine ganglion
Describe the postganglionic fibres of the pterygopalatine ganglion
- Joins maxillary nerve
- Enters zygomatic nerve
- Reach lacrimal nerve and are distributed to lacrimal gland
Where is ciliary ganglion located?
Orbit
Describe the preganglionic fibres to the ciliary ganglion
Fibres from Edinger-Westphal nucleus travel along inferior division of oculomotor nerve
Describe the postganglionic fibres of the ciliary ganglion
Run in short ciliary nerves
What 2 muscles of the eye are innervated by the ciliary ganglion?
- Sphincter pupillae
2. Ciliary muscles
What is the function of the sphincter pupillae?
Constricts the pupil
Where is the otic ganglion located?
Attached to mandibular nerve
Describe the preganglionic fibres to the otic ganglion
Fibres from inferior salivatory nucleus pass to lesser petrosal nerve
Describe the postganglionic fibres of the otic ganglion
Gives secretomotor fibres to parotid gland via auriculotemporal nerve
Where is the submandibular ganglion located?
Suspended from lingual nerve
Describe the preganglionic fibres to the submandibular ganglion
Fibres from the superior salivatory nucleus of the pons, via chorda tympani
Describe the postganglionic fibres of the submandibular ganglion
Gives parasympathetic secretomotor fibres to oral mucosa, submandibular gland and sublingual gland
