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Pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

Between what 2 levels does the pharynx run?

A

Base of the skull to the level of C6

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2
Q

What are the 3 regions of the pharynx?

A
  1. Nasopharynx
  2. Oropharynx
  3. Laryngopharynx
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3
Q

What opens into the nasopharynx?

A

Posterior apertures (choanae) of nasal cavity

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4
Q

What opens into the oropharynx?

A

Posterior opening of the oral cavity (oropharyngeal isthmus)

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5
Q

What opens into the laryngopharynx?

A

Superior aperture of the larynx (laryngeal inlet)

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6
Q

What 2 things form the pharyngeal wall?

A
  1. Skeletal muscles

2. Fascia

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7
Q

What are 2 groups of muscle which are found in the pharynx?

A
  1. Constrictor muscles

2. Longitudinal muscles

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8
Q

What is the major difference between constrictor and longitudinal muscles of the pharynx?

A

Constrictor muscles have fibres orientated in a circular direction whereas longitudinal muscle fibres are orientated vertically

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9
Q

Give 3 examples of constrictor muscles

A
  1. Superior constrictor
  2. Middle constrictor
  3. Inferior constrictor
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10
Q

What is the posterior insertion of the 3 constrictor muscles?

A

Pharyngeal raphe

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11
Q

What are the 3 origins of the superior constrictor muscle?

A
  1. Pterygoid hamulus
  2. Pterygomandibular raphe
  3. Adjacent bone of the mandible
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12
Q

What is the pterygoid hamulus?

A

Tip of the medial pterygoid plate

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13
Q

What are the 2 origins of the middle constrictor muscle?

A
  1. Stylohyoid ligament

2. Lesser and greater horn of the hyoid

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14
Q

What are the 2 origins of the inferior constrictor muscle?

A
  1. Oblique line of the thyroid cartilage

2. Cricoid cartilage

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15
Q

What are the 3 longitudinal muscles of the pharynx?

A
  1. Stylopharyngeus
  2. Salpingopharyngeus
  3. Palatopharyngeus
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16
Q

What is the origin of the stylopharyngeus?

A

Styloid process of temporal bone

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17
Q

What is the origin of the salpingopharyngeus?

A

Cartilaginous part of the pharyngotympanic tube

18
Q

What is the origin of the palatopharyngeus?

A

Soft palate

19
Q

What is the location of the nasopharynx?

A

Lies above the soft palate and behind the nasal cavities

20
Q

What is the pharyngeal isthmus?

A

Opening between naso and oropharynx

21
Q

What are 5 things found on the lateral wall of the nasopharynx?

A
  1. Opening of auditory tube
  2. Elevated ridge
  3. Pharyngeal recess
  4. Salpingopharyngeal fold
  5. Pharyngeal tonsil
22
Q

What is the enlargement of the pharyngeal tonsil called?

23
Q

Where is the oropharynx located?

A

Posterior to oral cavity, inferior to level of soft palate and superior to upper margin of epiglottis

24
Q

What 2 things form the floor of the oropharynx?

A
  1. Posterior 1/3 of the tongue

2. Interval between tongue and epiglottis

25
Q

What is 3 things are found on the lateral wall of the oropharynx?

A
  1. Palatoglossal arches covering palatoglossal muscles
  2. Palatine tonsils
  3. Palatopharyngeal folds covering palatopharyngeus muscles
26
Q

What 2 folds are found in the midline of the oropharynx?

A
  1. Median glossoepiglottic fold

2. Lateral glossoepiglottic fold

27
Q

What is the depression on either side of the median glossoepiglottic fold called?

A

Valleculla

28
Q

What is the arterial supply of the palatine tonsil?

A

Tonsillar branch of facial artery

29
Q

Where is the laryngopharynx found?

A

Extends from superior margin of epiglottis to oesophagus at level of C6

30
Q

Where does the laryngeal inlet open to?

A

Anterior wall of laryngopharynx

31
Q

What is found between the central part of the larynx and lamina of thyroid cartilage?

A

Piriform fossae (mucosal recesses)

32
Q

What is the function of piriform fossae?

A

Form channels which direct solids and liquids from oral cavity to oesophagus

33
Q

What is the sensory nerve supply of the nasopharynx?

A

Maxillary branch of CN V

34
Q

What is the sensory nerve supply of the oropharynx?

35
Q

What is the sensory nerve supply of the laryngopharynx?

A

Internal laryngeal branch of CN X

36
Q

What is the motor supply of the larynx?

A

Pharyngeal plexus bar stylopharyngeus which is supplied by CN IX

37
Q

What 3 cranial nerves form the pharyngeal plexus?

A
  1. CN IX
  2. CN X
  3. Cranial part of CN XI
38
Q

Describe the flow of food once sit has been swallowed

A
  1. Oropharyngeal isthmus opened
  2. Palate is elevated
  3. Palatopharyngeal sphincter contracts
  4. Pharyngeal isthmus is closed and separation of nasopharynx from oropharynx
39
Q

What is tonsillectomy?

A

Removal of the tonsils

40
Q

What vein lies laterally to the palatine tonsils?

A

External palatine vein

41
Q

What causes adenoids?

A

Excessive hypertrophy of lymphoid tissue, usually caused by infection

42
Q

What can occur due to the close relationship of adenoids and auditory tube?

A

Recurrent otitis media

Anatomy 2 (24 decks)

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