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Anatomy 2 > Posterior Triangle > Flashcards

Posterior Triangle Flashcards

1
Q

What is the anterior boarder of the posterior triangle of the neck?

A

Posterior boarder of sternocleidomastoid

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2
Q

What is the posterior boarder of the posterior triangle of the neck?

A

Anterior boarder of the trapezius muscle

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3
Q

What is the inferior boarder of the posterior triangle of the neck?

A

Middle 1/3 of the clavicle

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4
Q

What are the 2 sub triangles found within the posterior triangle of the neck?

A
  1. Supraclavicular triangle

2. Occipital triangle

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5
Q

What divides the posterior triangle into 2 sub triangles?

A

Inferior belly of omohyoid

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6
Q

What are the 3 things which form the roof of the posterior triangle?

A
  1. Skin
  2. Superficial fascia
  3. Investing layer of deep cervical fascia
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7
Q

What 3 things are found in the superficial fascia?

A
  1. Platysma muscle
  2. External jugular vein
  3. Cutaneous branches of cervical plexus
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8
Q

What are the 4 cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus?

A
  1. Lesser occipital nerve
  2. Greater auricular nerve
  3. Transverse cervical nerve
  4. Supraclavicular nerve
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9
Q

What are the 3 muscular branches of the cervical plexus?

A
  1. Phrenic
  2. Branches to prevertebral muscles
  3. Ansa cervicalis
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10
Q

What cervical nerves form the phrenic nerve?

A

C3 - C5

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11
Q

What does the phrenic nerve supply?

A

Diaphragm

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12
Q

What cervical nerves form the ansa cervicalis?

A

C1 - C3

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13
Q

Where do the cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus appear?

A

Middle of the posterior boarder of the sternocleidomastoid

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14
Q

What 3 areas of skin does the greater auricular nerve supply?

A
  1. Skin covering angle of mandible
  2. Lower part of the ear
  3. Skin behind the ear
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15
Q

What is the course of the greater auricular nerve after emerging from the middle of the posterior boarder of sternocleidomastoid?

A

Runs upward, superficial to the sternocleidomastoid

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16
Q

What area of skin does the lesser occipital nerve supply?

A

Skin behind the ear

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17
Q

What is the course of the lesser occipital nerve after emerging from the middle of the posterior boarder of sternocleidomastoid?

A

Ascends along posterior boarder of sternocleidomastoid

18
Q

What are the 3 different supraclavicular nerves?

A
  1. Medial
  2. Intermediate
  3. Lateral
19
Q

What 2 areas of skin does the supraclavicular nerve supply?

A
  1. Pectoral region

2. Skin covering deltoid (lateral supraclavicular only)

20
Q

What is the course of the supraclavicular nerve after emerging from the middle of the posterior boarder of sternocleidomastoid?

A

Arise by a common trunk which divides and the branches then cross the clavicle

21
Q

What area of the skin does the transverse cervical nerve supply?

A

Anterolateral part of the neck

22
Q

What is the course of the transverse cervical nerve after emerging from the middle of the posterior boarder of sternocleidomastoid?

A

Runs forward superficial to sternocleidomastoid before dividing into ascending and descending branches

23
Q

What 4 muscles form the floor of the posterior triangle?

A
  1. Scalenus medius
  2. Levator scapulae
  3. Splenius capitis
  4. Semispinalis capitis
24
Q

What are the 3 major nerves found in the posterior triangle?

A
  1. Brachial plexus
  2. Spinal part of accessory nerve
  3. Cutaneous branch of cervical plexus
25
Q

What is the major muscle found in the posterior triangle?

A

Inferior belly of omohyoid muscle

26
Q

What are the 5 major vessels found in the posterior triangle?

A
  1. Third part of subclavian artery
  2. Occipital artery
  3. Suprascapular artery
  4. Subclavian vein
  5. External jugular vein
27
Q

What is the course of the spinal part of accessory nerve?

A
  1. Crosses posterior triangle obliquely lying on levator scapulae
  2. Disappears under trapezius muscle
28
Q

Describe the position of the third part of the subclavian artery

A
  1. Lies on upper surface of first rib

2. Lies behind subclavian vein

29
Q

What is the only tributary of the subclavian vein?

A

External jugular vein

30
Q

What are the 3 branches of the first part of the subclavian artery?

A
  1. Vertebral artery
  2. Internal thoracic artery
  3. Thyrocervical trunk
31
Q

What are the 3 branches of the thyrocervical trunk?

A
  1. Inferior thyroid artery
  2. Transverse cervical artery
  3. Suprascapular artery
32
Q

What is the trunk given from the second part of the subclavian artery?

A

Costocervical trunk

33
Q

What artery is given from the third part of the subclavian artery?

A

Dorsal scapular artery

34
Q

What surgery can put the spinal part of accessory nerve at risk?

A

Surgery of deep cervical lymph nodes

35
Q

What can occur if the spinal part of accessory nerve is damaged?

A

Paralysis of the trapezius muscle so arm cannot be abducted beyond 90 degrees

36
Q

What are 2 clinical things of importance of the external jugular vein?

A
  1. Jugular venous pressure can be examined

2. If cut, it cannot close and air is sucked in causing air embolism

37
Q

What are the 2 types of torticollis?

A
  1. Congenital muscular

2. Acquired acute

38
Q

What can cause congenital muscular torticollis?

A

A mass in the sternocleidomastoid

39
Q

What are 2 types of brachial plexus block?

A
  1. Interscalene block

2. Supraclavicular block

40
Q

What are 3 differences between an interscalene block and supraclavicular block?

A
  1. Onset of block is earlier in supraclavicular block
  2. All of the dermatome is anesthetised in the interscalene block
  3. Duration of sensory block is prolonged in supraclavicular block

Anatomy 2 (24 decks)

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