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Orbit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Name 2 sensory nerves to the eyeball

A
  1. Optic

2. Ophthalmic of trigeminal

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2
Q

Name 3 sensory nerves to the eyeball

A
  1. Oculomotor
  2. Trochlear
  3. Abducent
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3
Q

What are the 3 branches of the ophthalmic nerve?

A
  1. Frontal
  2. Lacrimal
  3. Nasociliary
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4
Q

What are the 2 terminal branches of the frontal nerve?

A
  1. Supratrochlear

2. Supraorbital

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5
Q

Where do the supratrochlear and supraorbital nerves innervate?

A

Sensory innervation for skin of forehead and scalp

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6
Q

Where does the lacrimal nerve innervate?

A

Lacrimal gland

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7
Q

Once innervating the lacrimal gland, what happens to the lacrimal nerve?

A

Pierces orbital septum and supplies the skin of lateral part of the eyelid

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8
Q

Where does the nasociliary nerve innervate?

A

Anterior nasal mucosa

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9
Q

Describe the path of the nasociliary nerve

A
  1. Gives off sensory branches
  2. Passes through anterior ethmoidal foramen
  3. Enters nasal cavity
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10
Q

What branch is given off the nasociliary nerve?

A

External nasal

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11
Q

Where does the external nasal nerve supply?

A

Skin of the nose

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12
Q

Where does the optic nerve enter the orbit?

A

Optic canal

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13
Q

What nerve accompanies the optic nerve in the optic canal?

A

Ophthalmic of trigeminal

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14
Q

What surrounds the optic nerve?

A

Meninges

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15
Q

Describe the course of the optic nerve within the optic canal

A
  1. Runs within the cone of recti muscles

2. Pierces sclera as a point medial to posterior pole of eyeball

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16
Q

What occurs when the optic nerve pierces the sclera?

A

The meninges and sclera fuse

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17
Q

What is the function of the optic nerve?

A

Transmits sensory information regarding brightness, red-green colour perception and visual field

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18
Q

What is papilledema?

A

Oedema of the optic disc

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19
Q

What is papilledema a sign of?

A

Elevated intracranial pressure

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20
Q

List 3 things which can cause papilledema

A
  1. Brain tumour
  2. Cerebral haemorrhage
  3. Cavernous sinus thrombosis
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21
Q

What are 2 symptoms of papilledema?

A
  1. Blurred vision

2. Double vision

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22
Q

Where does the oculomotor nerve leave the brainstem?

A

Between the midbrain and pons

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23
Q

How do the superior and inferior branches of the oculomotor nerve enter the orbit?

A

Superior orbital fissure

24
Q

What 2 muscles does the superior ramus of the oculomotor nerve supply?

A
  1. Superior rectus

2. Levator palpebrae superioris

25
What 3 muscles does the superior ramus of the oculomotor nerve supply?
1. Inferior rectus 2. Medial rectus 3. Inferior oblique
26
What is the function of the branch from the nerve to inferior oblique?
Carries parasympathetic fibres to sphincter pupillae and ciliary body
27
How does the trochlear nerve enter the orbit?
Superior orbital fissure above common tendinous ring
28
Where does the abducent nerve leave the brainstem?
Junction of pons and medulla
29
Describe the course of the abducent nerve after leaving the brainstem
1. Enters cavernous sinus 2. Reaches orbit through superior orbital fissure within common tendinous ring 3. Passes laterally to supply lateral rectus
30
What does paralysis of the abducent nerve cause?
Medial squint
31
What does paralysis of the oculomotor nerve cause?
Lateral squint
32
What does trochlear nerve palsy cause?
Double vision
33
Why does trochlear nerve palsy cause double vision?
The weakened muscle prevents the eyes from moving in the same direction together
34
Where does the ophthalmic artery originate?
Internal carotid artery
35
Describe the course of the ophthalmic artery
1. Passes beneath optic nerve 2. Accompanies optic nerve through optic canal 3. Curves over optic nerve from lateral to medial
36
What are the 5 branches of the ophthalmic artery?
1. Central retinal artery 2. Lacrimal artery 3. Ciliary arteries 4. Supraorbital artery 5. Supratrochlear artery
37
Where does the lacrimal artery supply?
Lacrimal gland
38
What are the 4 components of the lacrimal apparatus?
1. Lacrimal gland 2. Lacrimal canaliculi 3. Lacrimal sac 4. Nasolacrimal duct
39
What is the function of the lacrimal apparatus?
Tear production and drainage
40
What are 2 functions of the lacrimal gland?
1. Secrete tears | 2. Contains excretory ducts to convey fluid to surface of the eye
41
What is the function of the nasolacrimal duct?
Conveys fluid to the nose, emptying in the inferior nasal conchae
42
What is the function of blinking?
Moves tears from lacrimal gland to sac to keep eyeball moist
43
What can occur if the eyeball dries out?
Corneal ulcers may form
44
What are the 2 major veins of the orbit?
1. Superior ophthalmic vein | 2. Inferior ophthalmic vein
45
What are the 2 communications of the ophthalmic veins?
1. Cavernous sinus | 2. Pterygoid venous plexus
46
How do the ophthalmic veins communicate with the cavernous sinus?
Via superior orbital fissure
47
How do the ophthalmic veins communicate with the pterygoid venous plexus?
Via inferior orbital fissure
48
How is the superior ophthalmic vein formed?
Unification of supraorbital and supratrochlear veins
49
What communication does the superior ophthalmic vein form?
Skin of the face and cavernous sinus
50
Name 3 intrinsic muscles of the eye
1. Ciliary muscle 2. Constrictor pupillae 3. Dilator pupillae
51
What is the function of the ciliary muscle?
Accommodation of the lens
52
Describe the innervation of the ciliary muscle
Parasympathetic innervation by the oculomotor nerve
53
What is the function of the constrictor pupillae?
Constriction of the pupil
54
Describe the innervation of the constrictor pupillae
Parasympathetic innervation by the oculomotor nerve
55
What is the function of the dilator pupillae?
Dilation of the pupil
56
Describe the innervation of the dilator pupillae
Parasympathetic innervation by the superior cervical ganglion

Anatomy 2 (24 decks)

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