Temperomandibular Joint

Question 1

What type of joints form the temporomandibular joint?

Answer 1

Plane and hinge synovial joints

Question 2

What are the 2 superior articulations of the temporomandibular joint?

Answer 2

1. Mandibular fossa of temporal bone

2. Zygomatic process of temporal bone

Question 3

What is the inferior articulation of the temporomandibular joint?

Answer 3

Condylar process of mandible

Question 4

What covers the articular surfaces of the temporomandibular joint?

Answer 4

Fibrocartilage

Question 5

What is the superior attachment of the fibrous capsule found in the temporomandibular joint?

Answer 5

Area surrounding mandibular fossa and articular tubercle of temporal fossa

Question 6

What is the inferior attachment of the fibrous capsule found in the temporomandibular joint?

Answer 6

Periphery of the condylar neck

Question 7

What is the nerve supply of the fibrous capsule found in the temporomandibular joint??

Answer 7

1. Auriculotemporal branch of mandibular nerve

2. Masseteric branch of mandibular nerve

Question 8

What is the arterial supply of the fibrous capsule found in the temporomandibular joint?

Answer 8

Superficial temporal artery

Question 9

What is the venous drainage of the fibrous capsule found in the temporomandibular joint?

Answer 9

Retromandibular vein

Question 10

What ligament reinforces fibrous capsule surrounding the temporomandibular joint?

Answer 10

Lateral temporomandibular ligament

Question 11

What are the 2 accessory ligaments of the temporomandibular joint?

Answer 11

1. Stylomandibular ligament

2. Sphenomandibular ligament

Question 12

Where is the lateral temporomandibular ligament attached?

Answer 12

Articular tubercle and neck of mandible

Question 13

What is the function of the lateral temporomandibular ligament?

Answer 13

Prevents posterior and inferior displacement of the condyle

Question 14

Where is the stylomandibular ligament attached?

Answer 14

Styloid process of temporal bone to angle of mandible

Question 15

Where is the sphenomandibular ligament attached?

Answer 15

Spine of sphenoid and lingula of mandible

Question 16

What movements does the lower part of the temporomandibular joint account for?

Answer 16

Hinge-like depression of elevation of head of the mandible

Question 17

What movements does the upper part of the temporomandibular joint account for?

Answer 17

Protrusion onto articular tubercle or retraction into mandibular fossa

Question 18

What 2 movements of the mandible causes the mouth to open?

Answer 18

1. Depression

2. Protrusion

Question 19

How does the temporomandibular joint cause protrusion of the mandible?

Answer 19

Mandible and disc slide forward by lateral pterygoid assisted by medial pterygoid

Question 20

How does the temporomandibular joint cause retraction of the mandible?

Answer 20

Mandible and disc move posteriorly by posterior fibres of temporalis

Question 21

How does depression of mandible occur?

Answer 21

Gravity and suprahyoid

Question 22

What 3 muscles cause elevation of the mandible?

Answer 22

1. Masseter
2. Medial pterygoid
3. Temporalis

Question 23

What is the bilateral action of the pterygoid muscles?

Answer 23

Side to side movement of the mandible

Question 24

How does an anterior dislocation of the mandible occur?

Answer 24

Head of mandible has been forced anteriorly so no longer articulates with mandibular fossa of temporal bone

Question 25

What is the way to reduce a dislocated jaw?

Answer 25

Pushing downwards on lower molar teeth and jaw backwards

Question 26

What is the function of downward pressure during the reduction of a dislocated jaw?

Answer 26

Overcomes tension of temporalis and masseter

Question 27

What is the function of backwards pressure during the reduction of the dislocated jaw?

Answer 27

Overcome spasm of lateral pterygoid

Question 28

What are the two terminal branches of the external carotid?

Answer 28

1. Superficial temporal | 2. Maxillary artery

Question 29

Where does the external carotid artery terminate?

Answer 29

Level of neck of the mandible

Question 30

What is the course of the maxillary artery once it arises from the external carotid?

Answer 30

1. Passes over lateral pterygoid muscle | 2. Disappears in the pterygopalatine fossa

Question 31

What divides the maxillary artery into 3 parts?

Answer 31

Lateral pterygoid muscle

Question 32

What is the venous drainage of the area supplied by the maxillary artery?

Answer 32

Pterygoid plexus of veins

Question 33

Where is the pterygoid plexus of veins found?

Answer 33

Lies between medial and lateral pterygoid

Question 34

What drains the pterygoid venous plexus?

Answer 34

Maxillary vein

Question 35

What are the 2 main communications of the pterygoid venous plexus?

Answer 35

1. Cavernous sinus | 2. Facial vein

Question 36

What connects the pterygoid venous plexus and cavernous sinus?

Answer 36

Emissary veins

Question 37

What connects the pterygoid venous plexus and facial vein?

Answer 37

Deep facial vein