Paranasal Sinuses

Question 1

What are the 2 areas of the nose?

Answer 1

1. External nose

2. Nasal cavity

Question 2

What separates the nasal cavity into left and right halves?

Answer 2

Nasal septum

Question 3

What are the 5 main components of the external nose?

Answer 3

1. Tip
2. Bridge (connects tip to forehead)
3. Nostrils
4. Ala (bind nostrils laterally)
5. Nasal septum (bind nostrils medially)

Question 4

What 3 bones from the superior framework of the external nose?

Answer 4

1. Nasal bone
2. Frontal process of maxillae
3. Nasal process of frontal bone

Question 5

What 3 cartilages form the inferior framework of the external nose?

Answer 5

1. Septal cartilage
2. Lateral nasal cartilages
3. Alar cartilages

Question 6

What 2 bones form hard palate?

Answer 6

1. Palatine process of the maxilla

2. Horizontal plate of the palatine bone

Question 7

What is the function of the hard palate?

Answer 7

Separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity

Question 8

What 3 bones form the roof of the nasal cavity?

Answer 8

1. Body of sphenoid
2. Cribriform plate of ethmoid
3. Frontal bone

Question 9

What forms the floor of the nasal cavity?

Answer 9

Hard palate

Question 10

What forms the anterior nasal septum?

Answer 10

Septal cartilage

Question 11

What 2 bones form the posterior nasal septum?

Answer 11

1. Perpendicular plate of ethmoid

2. Vomer

Question 12

What are the 4 nerves which supply the external nose?

Answer 12

1. Supratrochlear
2. Infratrochlear
3. External nasal
4. Infraorbital

Question 13

What are the 3 bony projections on the lateral wall of the nasal septum called?

Answer 13

1. Superior conchae
2. Middle conchae
3. Inferior conchae

Question 14

What is the space below each conchae called?

Answer 14

Meatus

Question 15

What is the sphenoethmoidal recess?

Answer 15

Small area above the superior concha

Question 16

What is Kiesselbach/Little’s area?

Answer 16

Area in anteroinferior part of cartilaginous portion of nasal septum

Question 17

What is the importance of Little’s area?

Answer 17

Submucous anastomosis of vessels from external and internal carotid arteries

Question 18

What 4 arteries form the anastomosis in Little’s area?

Answer 18

1. Sphenopalatine artery
2. Greater palatine artery
3. Superior labial artery
4. Anterior ethmoidal artery

Question 19

What 3 arteries found in Little’s area are derived from the external carotid artery?

Answer 19

1. Sphenopalatine artery
2. Greater palatine artery
3. Superior labial artery

Question 20

Which of the arteries found in Little’s area is derived from the internal carotid artery?

Answer 20

Anterior ethmoidal artery

Question 21

To what 2 lymph nodes does the lymph in the nose drain to?

Answer 21

1. Submandibular lymph nodes

2. Upper deep cervical lymph nodes

Question 22

Name 4 paranasal sinuses

Answer 22

1. Frontal sinus
2. Ethmoid sinuses
3. Maxillary sinus
4. Sphenoid sinus

Question 23

What shape is the maxillary sinus?

Answer 23

Pyramidal shape

Question 24

Where is the maxillary sinus located?

Answer 24

Within body of maxilla above alveolar arch, beneath the eyes and next to the nose

Question 25

What forms the roof of the maxillary sinus?

Answer 25

Floor of the orbit

Question 26

What is the nerve supply of the maxillary sinus?

Answer 26

Branches from the maxillary division of trigeminal

Question 27

What is the floor of the maxillary sinus related to?

Answer 27

Roots of premolars and molar teeth are visible in floor

Question 28

Where are the frontal sinuses located?

Answer 28

Within frontal bone

Question 29

What shape are the frontal sinuses?

Answer 29

Triangular

Question 30

Where do the sphenoidal sinuses lie?

Answer 30

Within the body of the sphenoid bone below sella turcica

Question 31

Where are the ethmoid sinuses found?

Answer 31

Ethmoid bone between nose and orbit

Question 32

What are the 3 ethmoid sinuses?

Answer 32

1. Anterior 2. Middle 3. Posterior

Question 33

What is the nerve supply of the frontal sinus?

Answer 33

Ophthalmic division of trigeminal

Question 34

What is the nerve supply of the sphenoid sinus?

Answer 34

Ophthalmic division of trigeminal

Question 35

What is the nerve supply of the ethmoid sinus?

Answer 35

Ophthalmic division of trigeminal

Question 36

Where does the posterior ethmoidal sinus open?

Answer 36

Superior meatus

Question 37

Where does the middle ethmoidal sinus open?

Answer 37

On or above bulla ethmoidalis of middle meatus

Question 38

Where does the anterior ethmoidal sinus open?

Answer 38

Anterior end of hiatus semilunaris of middle meatus via infundibulum with frontal sinus

Question 39

Where does the frontal sinus open?

Answer 39

Anterior end of hiatus semilunaris of middle meatus via infundibulum with anterior ethmoidal sinus

Question 40

Where does the maxillary sinus open?

Answer 40

Hiatus semilunaris of middle meatus

Question 41

What opens in the inferior meatus?

Answer 41

Nasolacrimal duct

Question 42

Where does the sphenoid sinus open?

Answer 42

Sphenoethmoidal recess

Question 43

What are the 2 areas of the middle meatus?

Answer 43

1. Hiatus semilunaris | 2. Bulla ethmoidalis

Question 44

Describe the lymphatic drainage of paranasal sinus

Answer 44

1. Submandibular LN Frontal sinus Maxillary sinus Anterior and middle ethmoidal 2. Retropharyngeal LN Posterior ethmoidal Sphenoidal

Question 45

Give 6 functions of the paranasal sinuses

Answer 45

1. Heats air 2. Moistens nose 3. Traps particles 4. Lessens weight of skull 5. Strengthens skull 6. Resonance chamber for voice

Question 46

What is oroantral fistula?

Answer 46

Pathological communication between oral cavity and maxillary sinus

Question 47

What 4 things can cause an oroantral fistula?

Answer 47

1. Dental infections 2. Osteomyelitis 3. Radiation therapy 4. Trauma